Abstract The number of households with photovoltaic battery storage systems is steadily growing, and so is the number of heat pump installations. An integrated home combines domestic battery systems and a heat pump for power-to-heat coupling. During winter, storage systems in an integrated home are not used to their full capacity due to low solar radiation. This potential can be used to enhance the economics by applying a dual-use scheme. In this publication, an integrated home that participates in the frequency control reserve market is investigated. A major advantage of integrated homes with power-to-heat coupling in comparison to standalone battery storages is the additional flexibility to absorb negative control reserve power in the heating sector. Seasonal variation of feed-in from photovoltaics is considered by an advanced strategy for variable provision of control reserve. Results show that a dual-use operation with participation in the control reserve market can increase the profitability of storage systems. Market participation leads to accelerated battery aging, mainly driven by increased calendar aging. This is overcompensated by the possible incomes. Under consideration of low costs for market participation, a constant provision of at least 3 kW of reserve power could be economical. A variable provision further enhances economic efficiency.

中文翻译：

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通过光伏电池储能系统和电热耦合提供频率控制储备

摘要 拥有光伏电池储能系统的家庭数量稳步增长，热泵装置数量也在稳步增长。一个集成的家庭结合了家用电池系统和一个用于电热耦合的热泵。在冬季，由于太阳辐射低，集成家庭中的存储系统无法充分利用。通过应用双重用途计划，可以利用这种潜力来提高经济性。在本出版物中，对参与频率控制储备市场的综合住宅进行了调查。与独立电池存储相比，具有电热耦合的集成住宅的主要优势是在供暖部门吸收负控制储备功率的额外灵活性。一种用于可变提供控制储备的高级策略考虑了光伏供电的季节性变化。结果表明，参与控制储备市场的双重用途操作可以提高存储系统的盈利能力。市场参与导致电池老化加速，主要是受日历老化增加的推动。这被可能的收入过度补偿了。考虑到参与市场的低成本，持续提供至少 3 千瓦的备用电力可能是经济的。可变条款进一步提高了经济效率。主要是受日历老化增加的推动。这被可能的收入过度补偿了。考虑到参与市场的低成本，持续提供至少 3 千瓦的备用电力可能是经济的。可变条款进一步提高了经济效率。主要是受日历老化增加的推动。这被可能的收入过度补偿了。考虑到参与市场的低成本，持续提供至少 3 千瓦的备用电力可能是经济的。可变条款进一步提高了经济效率。