In western countries, the slope of autoimmune disease (AD) incidence is increasing and affects 5-8% of the population. Mainly prevalent in women, these pathologies are due to thymic tolerance processes breakdown. The female sex hormone, estrogen, is involved in this AD female susceptibility. However, predisposition factors have to act in concert with unknown triggering environmental factors (virus, microbiota, pollution) to initiate AD. Individuals are exposed to various environmental compounds that display endocrine disruption abilities. The cellular effects of some of these molecules may be mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we review the effects of these molecules on the homeostasis of the thymic cells, the immune tolerance intrinsic factors (transcription factors, epigenetic marks) and on the immune tolerance extrinsic factors (microbiota, virus sensibility). This review highlights the contribution of estrogen and endocrine disruptors on the dysregulation of mechanisms sustaining AD development.

中文翻译：

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雌激素，类雌激素分子和自身免疫性疾病。

在西方国家，自身免疫性疾病（AD）的发病率呈上升趋势，并影响着5-8％的人口。这些病理学主要在女性中盛行，是由于胸腺耐受过程崩溃。女性性激素，雌激素，参与了这种AD女性的易感性。但是，易感因素必须与未知的触发环境因素（病毒，微生物群，污染）协同作用才能引发AD。个人会暴露于各种显示内分泌干扰能力的环境化合物中。其中一些分子的细胞效应可能通过芳烃受体（AhR）介导。在这里，我们回顾了这些分子对胸腺细胞稳态，免疫耐受内在因子（转录因子，表观遗传标记）和对免疫耐受的外在因素（微生物群，病毒敏感性）。这篇综述强调了雌激素和内分泌干扰物对维持AD发展的机制失调的贡献。