Resource diversity promotes among-individual diet variation, but not genomic diversity, in lake stickleback.,Ecology Letters

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Resource diversity promotes among-individual diet variation, but not genomic diversity, in lake stickleback.
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-09 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13448
Daniel I Bolnick ₁ , Kimberly M Ballare ₁

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Many generalist species consist of specialised individuals that use different resources. This within-population niche variation can stabilise population and community dynamics. Consequently, ecologists wish to identify environmental settings that promote such variation. Theory predicts that environments with greater resource diversity favour ecological diversity among consumers (via disruptive selection or plasticity). Alternatively, niche variation might be a side-effect of neutral genomic diversity in larger populations. We tested these alternatives in a metapopulation of threespine stickleback. Stickleback consume benthic and limnetic invertebrates, focusing on the former in small lakes, the latter in large lakes. Intermediate-sized lakes support generalist stickleback populations using an even mixture of the two prey types, and exhibit greater among-individual variation in diet and morphology. In contrast, genomic diversity increases with lake size. Thus, phenotypic diversity and neutral genetic polymorphism are decoupled: trophic diversity being greatest in intermediate-sized lakes with high resource diversity, whereas neutral genetic diversity is greatest in the largest lakes.

中文翻译：

在湖棘鱼中，资源多样性促进了个体之间的饮食变化，但没有促进基因组多样性。

许多通才物种由使用不同资源的专门个体组成。这种种群内生态位的变化可以稳定种群和群落的动态。因此，生态学家希望确定促进这种变化的环境设置。理论预测，资源多样性更大的环境有利于消费者的生态多样性（通过破坏性选择或可塑性）。或者，生态位变异可能是较大群体中中性基因组多样性的副作用。我们在三刺刺鱼的集合种群中测试了这些替代品。刺鱼捕食底栖和湖沼无脊椎动物，在小湖泊中主要捕食前者，在大湖泊中则主要捕食后者。中等规模的湖泊使用两种猎物类型的均匀混合来支持多面刺鱼种群，并在饮食和形态方面表现出更大的个体差异。相比之下，基因组多样性随着湖泊的大小而增加。因此，表型多样性和中性遗传多态性是脱钩的：营养多样性在资源多样性高的中等规模湖泊中最大，而中性遗传多样性在最大的湖泊中最大。

更新日期：2020-01-11

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