We review evidence from an extensive single case study in an individual (NB) who underwent a rare left-sided anterior temporal-lobe resection with sparing of the hippocampus. Our study aimed to determine whether memory functions of perirhinal cortex, which was largely removed in the resection, can be impaired against a background of preserved hippocampus-dependent memory processing. This research was guided by the proposal that item-based familiarity assessment relies on contributions of perirhinal cortex, and that the hippocampus plays a unique role in the relational binding of items to episodic contexts, which is critical for recollection. Seven sets of findings have emerged from our research on NB (synthesized from five primary research articles), and from follow-up work in other patients: (i) Familiarity impairments can be selective and be revealed with multiple methods; (ii) selective familiarity and selective recollection impairments can be double dissociated; (iii) selective familiarity impairments show material specificity; (iv) selective familiarity impairments extend to assessment of cumulative lifetime experience; (v) selective familiarity impairments are sensitive to degree of feature overlap between object concepts; (vi) selective familiarity impairments are associated with preserved task-related fMRI signals in the hippocampus; (vii) selective familiarity impairments can be observed in other lesion cases. Despite our main focus on the dual-process framework, we also discuss implications for the functional organization of the medial temporal lobes in broader terms. We argue that our findings shed light on this organization even if the functional specialization of different medial temporal structures is ultimately not fully captured with reference to the cognitive distinction between familiarity and recollection.

中文翻译：

---

前颞叶切除术后海马保留后的熟悉障碍：从病例NB中学到的经验教训。

我们回顾了来自个体（NB）的广泛单例研究的证据，该个体接受了罕见的左侧前颞叶切除并保留了海马体。我们的研究旨在确定在保留海马依赖性记忆过程的背景下，是否会削弱切除后大部分切除的周围神经皮质的记忆功能。该研究受到以下建议的指导：基于项目的熟悉性评估依赖于周围神经皮层的贡献，并且海马在项目与情境之间的关系绑定中扮演着独特的角色，这对于回忆至关重要。我们对NB的研究（由五篇主要研究文章综合而成）以及对其他患者的随访工作得出了七组发现：（i）熟悉程度的损害可以是有选择性的，可以通过多种方法予以揭示；（ii）选择性熟悉和选择性回忆障碍可以双重分离；（iii）选择性的熟悉障碍显示出实质性的特异性；（iv）选择性的熟悉障碍扩展到对累积终身经验的评估；（v）选择性熟悉障碍对对象概念之间的特征重叠程度敏感；（vi）选择性的熟悉障碍与海马中与任务相关的功能磁共振成像信号的保存有关；（vii）在其他病变病例中可以观察到选择性的熟悉障碍。尽管我们主要关注双过程框架，但我们也从更广泛的角度讨论了对内侧颞叶功能组织的影响。