Acknowledging the difficulty of modelling pollution conveyed by urban runoff, this contribution presents a first pan-European quantification of loads from this diffuse source. We estimate annual loads of 5-days biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and total suspended solids (TSS) using a simple event mean concentration (EMC) model initially proposed by Heaney et al., 1976. On a European scale, this yields discharges corresponding to untreated wastewater of about 31 million population equivalents (PE) for BOD5, about 18.5 million PE for N and P and about 280 million for TSS. These represent 51% of the pollution coming from treated wastewater for BOD5, 15% for N and P and 461% for TSS. Although the model applied for the assessment was developed more than 40 years ago, the results are consistent with those obtained using more recent parameterizations, except for a tendency to underestimate P loads. Although lack of data on pollution from urban runoff makes model verification impossible, and the uncertainty on EMC models is known to be very high, urban runoff emerges as a significant source of pollution, and should be properly addressed as such. Reducing runoff volume from urban areas through improved water retention is not only key to pollution control, but also a no-regret option thanks to its co-benefits, especially when incorporated at early stages of planning and design.

中文翻译：

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泛欧对城市径流污染负荷的初步评估。

认识到很难模拟城市径流所传递的污染，该研究成果首次提出了泛欧国家对来自这种扩散源的负荷的量化方法。我们使用Heaney等人（1976）最初提出的简单事件平均浓度（EMC）模型估算5天生化需氧量（BOD5），氮（N），磷（P）和总悬浮固体（TSS）的年度负荷在欧洲范围内，产生的排放量相当于BOD5的未处理废水约3,100万人口当量（PE），N和P约1,850万人口当量，TSS约2.8亿。对于BOD5，这些污染物占处理废水的51％，对于N和P，分别占15％和TSS的461％。尽管用于评估的模型是40多年前开发的，结果与使用较新的参数化方法获得的结果一致，除了可能会低估P载荷。尽管缺乏有关城市径流污染的数据使得无法进行模型验证，并且已知EMC模型的不确定性很高，但城市径流却成为重要的污染源，因此应予以适当解决。通过提高保水能力来减少城市地区的径流量不仅是污染控制的关键，而且由于其共同的优点，也是无悔的选择，尤其是在规划和设计的早期阶段。城市径流已成为一种重要的污染源，应适当加以解决。通过提高保水能力来减少城市地区的径流量不仅是污染控制的关键，而且由于其共同的优点，也是无悔的选择，尤其是在规划和设计的早期阶段。城市径流已成为一种重要的污染源，应适当加以解决。通过提高保水能力来减少城市地区的径流量不仅是污染控制的关键，而且由于其共同的优点，也是无悔的选择，尤其是在规划和设计的早期阶段。