Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is commonly complicated by septic conditions, and is responsible for increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Uncontrolled neuroinflammation and ischemic injury are major contributors to brain dysfunction, which arises from intractable immune malfunction and the collapse of neuroendocrine immune networks, such as the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and sympathetic nervous system. Dysfunction in these neuromodulatory mechanisms compromised by SAE jeopardizes systemic immune responses, including those of neutrophils, macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes, which ultimately results in a vicious cycle between brain injury and a progressively aberrant immune response. Deep insight into the crosstalk between SAE and peripheral immunity is of great importance in extending the knowledge of the pathogenesis and development of sepsis-induced immunosuppression, as well as in exploring its effective remedies.

中文翻译：

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败血症相关性脑病：免疫抑制的恶性循环。

脓毒症相关性脑病（SAE）通常由败血症引起，并导致败血症患者死亡率增加和预后不良。不受控制的神经炎症和缺血性损伤是导致脑功能障碍的主要因素，这是由于顽固的免疫功能异常和神经内分泌免疫网络（如胆碱能抗炎途径，下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和交感神经系统）崩溃而引起的。SAE损害的这些神经调节机制的功能障碍会危及全身免疫反应，包括中性粒细胞，巨噬细胞/单核细胞，树突状细胞和T淋巴细胞的免疫反应，最终导致脑损伤与逐渐异常的免疫反应之间的恶性循环。