BACKGROUND Spirochetal organisms of the Treponema genus are responsible for causing Treponematoses. Pathogenic treponemes is a Gram-negative, motile, spirochete pathogen that causes syphilis in human. Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum (TEN) causes endemic syphilis (bejel); T. pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA) causes venereal syphilis; T. pallidum subsp. pertenue (TPE) causes yaws; and T. pallidum subsp. Ccarateum causes pinta. Out of these four high morbidity diseases, venereal syphilis is mediated by sexual contact; the other three diseases are transmitted by close personal contact. The global distribution of syphilis is alarming and there is an increasing need of proper treatment and preventive measures. Unfortunately, effective measures are limited. RESULTS Here, the genome sequences of 53 T. pallidum strains isolated from different parts of the world and a diverse range of hosts were comparatively analysed using pan-genomic strategy. Phylogenomic, pan-genomic, core genomic and singleton analysis disclosed the close connection among all strains of the pathogen T. pallidum, its clonal behaviour and showed increases in the sizes of the pan-genome. Based on the genome plasticity analysis of the subsets containing the subspecies T pallidum subsp. pallidum, T. pallidum subsp. endemicum and T. pallidum subsp. pertenue, we found differences in the presence/absence of pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and genomic islands (GIs) on subsp.-based study. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we identified four pathogenicity islands (PAIs), eight genomic islands (GIs) in subsp. pallidum, whereas subsp. endemicum has three PAIs and seven GIs and subsp. pertenue harbours three PAIs and eight GIs. Concerning the presence of genes in PAIs and GIs, we found some genes related to lipid and amino acid biosynthesis that were only present in the subsp. of T. pallidum, compared to T. pallidum subsp. endemicum and T. pallidum subsp. pertenue.

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梅毒螺旋体的全基因组揭示了与性病和非性梅毒有关的亚种之间基因组可塑性的差异。

背景技术螺旋体属的螺旋体生物负责引起螺旋体病。致病性色氨酸是革兰氏阴性，能动的螺旋体病原体，可导致人的梅毒。梅毒螺旋体亚种 地方病（TEN）引起地方性梅毒（bejel）；苍白锥虫亚种 苍白球（TPA）引起性病梅毒；苍白锥虫亚种 百日咳（TPE）引起偏航；和苍白球亚种。鳞茎导致皮塔。在这四种高发病率疾病中，性接触梅毒是由性接触介导的。其他三种疾病是通过亲密接触传播的。梅毒的全球分布令人震惊，对正确治疗和预防措施的需求日益增加。不幸的是，有效措施有限。结果在这里，53 T的基因组序列。使用泛基因组策略比较分析了从世界各地和各种寄主中分离出的苍白球菌株。系统基因组学，泛基因组学，核心基因组学和单例分析揭示了病原体梅毒螺旋体所有菌株之间的紧密联系，其克隆行为，并显示了泛基因组的大小增加。基于基因组可塑性分析，包含亚种T pallidum亚种。苍白球T.苍白球亚种 内生和苍白锥亚种 在基于亚类的研究中，我们发现了致病性岛（PAI）和基因组岛（GI）的存在/不存在差异。结论总的来说，我们在亚种中鉴定了四个致病岛（PAI），八个基因组岛（GI）。苍白球，而亚种。endemicum具有三个PAI，七个GI和子空间。pertenue拥有3个PAI和8个GI。关于PAI和GI中基因的存在，我们发现一些与脂质和氨基酸生物合成有关的基因仅存在于亚种中。T. pallidum亚种。内生和苍白锥亚种 持久性