Low oxygen condition (hypoxia) is considered a hallmark of rapidly growing solid tumors. The presence of hypoxia renders tumor cells resistant to conventional chemo- and radio-therapy selecting a more malignant and invasive phenotype, and playing a negative role in patient prognosis. This commentary wishes to recognize the 2019 Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to three physicians-scientists, Prof. William G. Kaelin Jr., Prof. Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, and Prof. Gregg L. Semenza, for their discovery of the mechanisms mediating cell ability to sense and adapt to changes in oxygen availability. Their studies established the basis for our understanding of the role of hypoxia in a variety of diseases, including anemia, renal failure, cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases, and cancer, paving the way for new promising therapeutic strategies through the development of drugs that can either activate or block the oxygen-sensing machinery.

中文翻译：

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针对肿瘤中的缺氧：一种新的有希望的治疗策略。

低氧状态（缺氧）被认为是快速生长的实体瘤的标志。低氧的存在使肿瘤细胞对常规化学疗法和放射疗法具有抵抗力，从而选择了更具恶性和侵袭性的表型，并在患者的预后中发挥了负面作用。这篇评论旨在表彰2019年诺贝尔医学奖，该奖授予三位医师科学家，威廉·G·凯林教授，彼得·J·拉特克利夫爵士教授和格雷格·塞门扎教授，因为他们发现了介导机制细胞感知并适应氧气供应变化的能力。他们的研究为我们了解缺氧在多种疾病（包括贫血，肾衰竭，心血管疾病，代谢性疾病和癌症）中的作用奠定了基础，