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Software Mitigation of Crosstalk on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers
arXiv - CS - Emerging Technologies Pub Date : 2020-01-09 , DOI: arxiv-2001.02826
Prakash Murali, David C. McKay, Margaret Martonosi, Ali Javadi-Abhari

Crosstalk is a major source of noise in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) systems and is a fundamental challenge for hardware design. When multiple instructions are executed in parallel, crosstalk between the instructions can corrupt the quantum state and lead to incorrect program execution. Our goal is to mitigate the application impact of crosstalk noise through software techniques. This requires (i) accurate characterization of hardware crosstalk, and (ii) intelligent instruction scheduling to serialize the affected operations. Since crosstalk characterization is computationally expensive, we develop optimizations which reduce the characterization overhead. On three 20-qubit IBMQ systems, we demonstrate two orders of magnitude reduction in characterization time (compute time on the QC device) compared to all-pairs crosstalk measurements. Informed by these characterization, we develop a scheduler that judiciously serializes high crosstalk instructions balancing the need to mitigate crosstalk and exponential decoherence errors from serialization. On real-system runs on three IBMQ systems, our scheduler improves the error rate of application circuits by up to 5.6x, compared to the IBM instruction scheduler and offers near-optimal crosstalk mitigation in practice. In a broader picture, the difficulty of mitigating crosstalk has recently driven QC vendors to move towards sparser qubit connectivity or disabling nearby operations entirely in hardware, which can be detrimental to performance. Our work makes the case for software mitigation of crosstalk errors.

中文翻译:

噪声中型量子计算机串扰的软件缓解

串扰是嘈杂中级量子 (NISQ) 系统中的主要噪声源,也是硬件设计的基本挑战。当多条指令并行执行时,指令之间的串扰会破坏量子状态并导致错误的程序执行。我们的目标是通过软件技术减轻串扰噪声对应用的影响。这需要 (i) 准确表征硬件串扰,以及 (ii) 智能指令调度以序列化受影响的操作。由于串扰表征在计算上是昂贵的,我们开发了减少表征开销的优化。在三个 20 量子位 IBMQ 系统上,与全对串扰测量相比,我们证明了表征时间(QC 设备上的计算时间)减少了两个数量级。根据这些特征,我们开发了一个调度程序,可以明智地序列化高串扰指令,平衡减轻串扰和序列化带来的指数退相干错误的需要。在运行在三个 IBMQ 系统上的真实系统上,与 IBM 指令调度器相比,我们的调度器将应用电路的错误率提高了 5.6 倍,并在实践中提供了近乎最佳的串扰缓解。从更广泛的角度来看,缓解串扰的困难最近促使 QC 供应商转向更稀疏的量子位连接或完全在硬件中禁用附近的操作,这可能对性能有害。我们的工作为软件减轻串扰错误提供了理由。我们开发了一个调度器,可以明智地序列化高串扰指令,平衡减轻串扰和序列化带来的指数退相干错误的需要。在运行在三个 IBMQ 系统上的真实系统上,与 IBM 指令调度器相比,我们的调度器将应用电路的错误率提高了 5.6 倍,并在实践中提供了近乎最佳的串扰缓解。从更广泛的角度来看,缓解串扰的困难最近促使 QC 供应商转向更稀疏的量子位连接或完全在硬件中禁用附近的操作,这可能对性能有害。我们的工作为软件减轻串扰错误提供了理由。我们开发了一个调度器,可以明智地序列化高串扰指令,平衡减轻串扰和序列化带来的指数退相干错误的需要。在运行在三个 IBMQ 系统上的真实系统上,与 IBM 指令调度器相比,我们的调度器将应用电路的错误率提高了 5.6 倍,并在实践中提供了近乎最佳的串扰缓解。从更广泛的角度来看,缓解串扰的困难最近促使 QC 供应商转向更稀疏的量子位连接或完全在硬件中禁用附近的操作,这可能对性能有害。我们的工作为软件减轻串扰错误提供了理由。与 IBM 指令调度器相比,我们的调度器将应用电路的错误率提高了 5.6 倍,并在实践中提供了近乎最佳的串扰缓解。从更广泛的角度来看,缓解串扰的困难最近促使 QC 供应商转向更稀疏的量子位连接或完全在硬件中禁用附近的操作,这可能对性能有害。我们的工作为软件减轻串扰错误提供了理由。与 IBM 指令调度器相比,我们的调度器将应用电路的错误率提高了 5.6 倍,并在实践中提供了近乎最佳的串扰缓解。从更广泛的角度来看,缓解串扰的困难最近促使 QC 供应商转向更稀疏的量子位连接或完全在硬件中禁用附近的操作,这可能对性能有害。我们的工作为软件减轻串扰错误提供了理由。
更新日期:2020-01-10
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