Lung transplantation, while increasingly being offered to an expanding list of end‐stage lung diseases, still suffers from poor long‐term outcomes due to the development of allograft rejection. Regulatory Foxp3+ T cells have emerged as important modulators of lung transplant tolerance (1). Bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), enriched in Foxp3+ T cells as well as B cells, develops following lung transplantation. While some studies have implicated BALT in the pro‐inflammatory host response and allograft rejection, others have shown that BALT promotes tolerance, predominantly through the accumulation of Foxp3+ T cells (2, 3).

中文翻译：

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Foxp3+ T 细胞介导的肺移植耐受是否依赖于 BALT 的形成？

肺移植虽然越来越多地用于治疗越来越多的终末期肺病，但由于同种异体移植排斥反应的发展，长期结果仍然不佳。调节性 Foxp3+ T 细胞已成为肺移植耐受性的重要调节剂 (1)。富含 Foxp3+ T 细胞和 B 细胞的支气管相关淋巴组织 (BALT) 在肺移植后形成。虽然一些研究表明 BALT 与促炎性宿主反应和同种异体移植物排斥有关，但其他研究表明 BALT 主要通过 Foxp3+ T 细胞的积累促进耐受性 (2, 3)。