AIM: We investigate geographic patterns across taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic diversity to test for spatial (in)congruency and identify aggregate diversity hotspots in relationship to present land use and future climate. Simulating extinctions of imperilled species, we demonstrate where losses across diversity dimensions and geography are predicted. LOCATION: North America. TIME PERIOD: Present day, future. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Rodentia. METHODS: Using geographic range maps for rodent species, we quantified spatial patterns for 11 dimensions of diversity: taxonomic (species, range weighted), ecological (body size, diet and habitat), phylogenetic (mean, variance, and nearest‐neighbour patristic distances, phylogenetic distance and genus‐to‐species ratio) and phyloendemism. We tested for correlations across dimensions and used spatial residual analyses to illustrate regions of pronounced diversity. We aggregated diversity hotspots in relationship to predictions of land‐use and climate change and recalculated metrics following extinctions of IUCN‐listed imperilled species. RESULTS: Topographically complex western North America hosts high diversity across multiple dimensions: phyloendemism and ecological diversity exceed predictions based on taxonomic richness, and phylogenetic variance patterns indicate steep gradients in phylogenetic turnover. An aggregate diversity hotspot emerges in the west, whereas spatial incongruence exists across diversity dimensions at the continental scale. Notably, phylogenetic metrics are uncorrelated with ecological diversity. Diversity hotspots overlap with land‐use and climate change, and extinctions predicted by IUCN status are unevenly distributed across space, phylogeny or ecological groups. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic diversity patterns for North American rodents clearly shows the multifaceted nature of biodiversity. Testing for geographic patterns and (in)congruency across dimensions of diversity facilitates investigation into underlying ecological and evolutionary processes. The geographic scope of this analysis suggests that several explicit regional challenges face North American rodent fauna in the future. Simultaneous consideration of multi‐dimensional biodiversity allows us to assess what critical functions or evolutionary history we might lose with future extinctions and maximize the potential of our conservation efforts.

中文翻译：

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多维生物多样性热点与分类、生态和系统发育多样性的未来：以北美啮齿动物为例

目的：我们调查跨分类、生态和系统发育多样性的地理模式，以测试空间（不）一致性并确定与当前土地利用和未来气候相关的总体多样性热点。模拟濒危物种的灭绝，我们展示了预测多样性维度和地理损失的地方。地点：北美。时间段：现在，未来。研究的主要分类群：啮齿类动物。方法：使用啮齿动物物种的地理范围图，我们量化了 11 个多样性维度的空间模式：分类（物种、范围加权）、生态（体型、饮食和栖息地）、系统发育（均值、方差和最近邻父系距离） , 系统发育距离和属种比）和系统地方性。我们测试了跨维度的相关性，并使用空间残差分析来说明具有显着多样性的区域。我们汇总了与土地利用和气候变化预测相关的多样性热点，并在 IUCN 所列濒危物种灭绝后重新计算了指标。结果：北美西部地形复杂，在多个维度上具有高度多样性：系统地方性和生态多样性超过了基于分类丰富度的预测，系统发育变异模式表明系统发育周转的陡峭梯度。西部出现了一个总体多样性热点，而大陆尺度的多样性维度存在空间不一致。值得注意的是，系统发育指标与生态多样性无关。多样性热点与土地利用和气候变化重叠，IUCN 状态预测的灭绝在空间、系统发育或生态群体中分布不均。主要结论：北美啮齿类动物的分类、生态和系统发育多样性模式的比较清楚地显示了生物多样性的多方面性质。测试地理模式和跨多样性维度的（不）一致性有助于调查潜在的生态和进化过程。该分析的地理范围表明，未来北美啮齿动物群将面临几个明确的区域挑战。同时考虑多维生物多样性使我们能够评估我们可能会因未来的灭绝而失去哪些关键功能或进化历史，并最大限度地发挥我们保护工作的潜力。