Melamine and curcumin enriched diets modulate the haemato-immune response, growth performance, oxidative stress, disease resistance, and cytokine production in oreochromis niloticus.,Aquatic Toxicology

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Melamine and curcumin enriched diets modulate the haemato-immune response, growth performance, oxidative stress, disease resistance, and cytokine production in oreochromis niloticus.
Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105406
Yasmina M Abd El-Hakim ₁ , Walaa El-Houseiny ₂ , Abd Elhakeem El-Murr ₂ , Lamiaa L M Ebraheim ₃ , Amr A Moustafa ₄ , Amany Abdel Rahman Mohamed ₁

Affiliation

Currently, feed adulteration and contamination with melamine (MEL) are considered one of the serious issues in the aquatic industry. With the limited studies of MEL exposure alone in fish, its adverse impacts on fish cannot be evaluated well. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effects of MEL containing diets on the immune response, disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila, growth performance, chemical composition, immune-related genes expression, and histopathology of both spleen and head kidneys. Also, the efficacy of curcumin (CUR) dietary supplementation to alleviate MEL negative impacts were evaluated. A total of 180 apparently healthy Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) were divided into four groups with three replicates fed the basal diet only, basal diet fortified with 200 mg/kg CUR, basal diet containing 1 % MEL, or a basal diet containing CUR + MEL. The results displayed that MEL significantly reduced growth performance indices and body crude lipid contents. Anemic, leukopenic, lymphocytopenic, heterocytopenic, esonipenic, hypoproteinemic and hypoalbuminic conditions were apparent. Moreover, depleted immune and antioxidant indicators including lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, immunoglobulin M, complement 3, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were recorded. Also, MEL reduced the disease resistance of O. niloticus to bacterial infection. Furthermore, MEL induced downregulation of mRNA levels of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α in the spleen together with obvious pathological perturbations in both spleen and head kidneys. The CUR addition resulted in a significant enhancement in most indices. These results may conclude that MEL could alter both innate and adaptive immune responses via the negative transcriptional effect on immune-related genes together with the oxidative damage of the immune organs. Furthermore, CUR dietary supplements could be advantageous for mitigating MEL negative impacts, thus offering a favorable aquafeed additive for O. niloticus.

中文翻译：

富含三聚氰胺和姜黄素的饮食调节尼罗罗非鱼的血液免疫反应，生长性能，氧化应激，抗病性和细胞因子产生。

目前，饲料掺假和三聚氰胺（MEL）污染被认为是水产业中的严重问题之一。由于仅对鱼类中的MEL暴露进行了有限的研究，因此无法很好地评估其对鱼类的不利影响。因此，本研究旨在研究含MEL饮食对免疫应答，对嗜水气单胞菌的抗病性，生长性能，化学成分，免疫相关基因表达以及脾脏和头部肾脏的病理学的影响。此外，评估了姜黄素（CUR）膳食补充剂缓解MEL负面影响的功效。总共将180种看似健康的尼罗罗非鱼（O. niloticus）分为四组，每组三份，仅喂基础饮食，基础饮食加200 mg / kg CUR，基础饮食含1％MEL，或含有CUR + MEL的基础饮食。结果表明，MEL显着降低了生长性能指数和体内粗脂质含量。贫血，白细胞减少，淋巴细胞减少，异细胞减少，sononipenic，低蛋白血症和低白蛋白病很明显。此外，记录了枯竭的免疫和抗氧化剂指标，包括溶菌酶活性，一氧化氮，免疫球蛋白M，补体3，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性。而且，MEL降低了尼罗罗非鱼对细菌感染的抗病能力。此外，MEL诱导脾脏中白介素1β和肿瘤坏死因子α的mRNA水平下调，同时在脾脏和头部肾脏中均引起明显的病理学扰动。CUR的添加导致大多数索引的显着增强。这些结果可以得出结论，MEL可通过对免疫相关基因的负转录作用以及免疫器官的氧化损伤来改变先天和适应性免疫应答。此外，CUR膳食补充剂可能有利于减轻MEL的负面影响，从而为尼罗罗非鱼提供有利的水产饲料添加剂。

更新日期：2020-01-11

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