Lithium (Li) metal has been considered as one of the most prospective anodes for Li-based batteries owing to its high theoretical gravimetric capacity (3860 mAh g-1) and low potential (-3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)). Unfortunately, there commonly exist uncontrollable dendrites in lithium anodes during the repeated plating-stripping processes, causing short cycle life and even short circuiting of lithium batteries. Here, single zinc atoms immobilized on MXene (Ti3C2Clx) layers (Zn-MXene) were produced to efficiently induce Li nucleation and growth. At the initial plating stage, lithium tended to nucleate homogeneously on the surface of Zn-MXene layers due to the large presence of Zn atoms and then grow vertically along the nucleated sites owing to a strong lightning rod effect at the edges, affording bowl-like lithium without lithium dendrites. Thus, a low overpotential of 11.3 ± 0.1 mV, long cyclic life (1200 h), and deep stripping-plating levels up to 40 mAh cm-2 are obtained by using Zn-MXene films as lithium anodes.

中文翻译：

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固定在MXene（Ti3C2Clx）层上的单锌原子朝向无枝晶的锂金属阳极。

锂（Li）金属因其理论重量高（3860 mAh g-1）和低电位（相对于标准氢电极（SHE）为-3.04 V）而被认为是锂基电池最有前景的阳极之一。不幸的是，在重复的电镀-剥离过程中，锂阳极中通常存在不可控的树枝状晶体，导致锂电池的循环寿命短，甚至短路。在这里，固定在MXene（Ti3C2Clx）层（Zn-MXene）上的单个锌原子被生产出来，以有效地诱导Li成核和生长。在最初的电镀阶段，由于存在大量的Zn原子，锂倾向于在Zn-MXene层的表面上均匀地成核，然后由于边缘处强烈的避雷针效应，沿着成核的位置垂直生长，提供没有锂树枝状的碗状锂。因此，通过使用Zn-MXene膜作为锂阳极，可获得11.3±0.1 mV的低过电势，较长的循环寿命（1200小时）以及高达40 mAh cm-2的深层剥离镀层。