PURPOSE Eye pathology could be related to atypical visual behaviours and impaired social communication through visual cues in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main purpose of this prospective study was to assess ophthalmological disorders in children with ASD and to investigate the relationships with intellectual disability (ID) and ASD severity. METHODS In this prospective study, comprehensive ophthalmological and oculomotor examinations were performed. ASD severity and verbal and performance intelligence quotients were determined using adapted scales. These clinical data were compared between groups of children based on the presence or absence of ophthalmological disorders and the achievement or not of visual acuity (VA) testing by using non-parametric statistical tests. RESULTS Amongst a sample of 51 children, ophthalmological disorders were found in 39% of cases, with 35% having significant refractive errors and 10% presenting with strabismus. Children with ASD and ophthalmological disorders had significantly lower verbal (29.8 ± 14.7 compared with 44.3 ± 21.5; p = 0.010) and performance quotients (57.8 ± 18.3 compared with 67.59 ± 20; p = 0.049) but no significant result was found between the presence of ophthalmological disorders and ASD severity, level of communication and social contact, or modulating behaviour when changes occur. Children who did not achieve monocular VA testing (39%) had significantly lower verbal (25.1 ± 9.7 compared with 46.1 ± 20.9; p < 0.001) and performance quotients (52.7 ± 17 compared with 69.8 ± 18.8; p = 0.001), also presented higher social interaction impairment (p = 0.002), and expressed more important behavioural signs (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Ophthalmological disorders are frequently found in children with ASD, especially in those with ID. Ophthalmologists and child psychiatrists should pay attention to perform ophthalmological examination in children with ASD since eye disorders might remain undetected. A comprehensive examination by a paediatric ophthalmologist would help to improve the individual clinical description and the global intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registration number: NCT02444117.

中文翻译：

---

自闭症谱系障碍儿童的眼科检查结果。

目的自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的视觉提示可能与非典型的视觉行为和社交沟通受损有关。这项前瞻性研究的主要目的是评估ASD儿童的眼科疾病，并调查其与智障（ID）和ASD严重程度的关系。方法在这项前瞻性研究中，进行了全面的眼科和眼动检查。使用改编的量表确定ASD严重程度以及语言和表现智力商。通过使用非参数统计检验，根据存在或不存在眼科疾病以及是否达到视敏度（VA）进行比较，对两组儿童的临床数据进行比较。结果在51名儿童的样本中，39％的患者发现眼科疾病，其中35％的患者有明显的屈光不正，10％的患者患有斜视。患有自闭症和眼科疾病的儿童的言语（29.8±14.7比44.3±21.5; p = 0.010）和表现商（57.8±18.3比67.59±20; p = 0.049）明显低，但在两者之间没有发现明显的结果。眼科疾病和ASD的严重程度，沟通和社交接触的程度或发生变化时的行为调节。未进行单眼VA测试的儿童（39％）的言语水平明显较低（25.1±9.7与46.1±20.9相比较; p <0.001）和性能商（52.7±17与69.8±18.8相较; p = 0.001）较高的社交互动障碍（p = 0.002），并表现出更重要的行为体征（p = 0.007）。结论在ASD儿童中，尤其是在ID患儿中，经常发现眼科疾病。眼科医生和儿童精神科医生应注意对ASD儿童进行眼科检查，因为可能仍未发现眼部疾病。儿科眼科医生的全面检查将有助于改善个人的临床描述和整体干预。试验注册临床试验注册号：NCT02444117。儿科眼科医生的全面检查将有助于改善个人的临床描述和整体干预。试验注册临床试验注册号：NCT02444117。儿科眼科医生的全面检查将有助于改善个人的临床描述和整体干预。试验注册临床试验注册号：NCT02444117。