Abstract The construction of hierarchically porous carbon nanorods (HPCNs) is realized via the one-step template-directing coupled with the activation methodology. The heteroatom (S and N) incorporation into the carbon skeleton is also realized during the preparation process because of the enrichment of S and N-containing organic compounds in the pitch precursor. The optimization of pore size distribution and specific surface area is performed by controlling the mass ratio of raw materials. The contributions of chemical activation and template-directing are mainly dedicated to generating the micropore and mesopore channels, respectively. Compared to the traditional chemical activation process, the employment of the amount of active agent in this work is reduced dramatically. Benefiting from the robust microarchitecture associated with hierarchical pore channels, HPCNs deliver the much enhanced capacitive behavior than the commercial activated carbon and counterparts derived from the pure template-directing and chemical activation methods, respectively. The great compatibility of gravimetric and areal capacitances can be simultaneously guaranteed even when the areal mass loading of the electrode is as high as 10 mg cm−2. Besides, the high-efficient conversion of pitch into the capacitive electrode material is also a new route for the high value-added utilization of pitch.

中文翻译：

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一步构建具有非凡电容行为的分级多孔碳纳米棒

摘要 分级多孔碳纳米棒（HPCNs）的构建是通过一步模板导向结合活化方法实现的。由于沥青前体中含有 S 和 N 的有机化合物的富集，在制备过程中也实现了杂原子（S 和 N）并入碳骨架。通过控制原料的质量比进行孔径分布和比表面积的优化。化学活化和模板导向的贡献主要分别致力于产生微孔和中孔通道。与传统的化学活化过程相比，这项工作中活性剂的用量显着减少。受益于与分级孔通道相关的稳健微结构，HPCN 提供比商业活性炭和分别源自纯模板导向和化学活化方法的对应物大大增强的电容行为。即使当电极的面积质量负载高达 10 mg cm-2 时，也可以同时保证重量和面积电容的良好兼容性。此外，将沥青高效转化为电容电极材料也是沥青高附加值利用的新途径。即使当电极的面积质量负载高达 10 mg cm-2 时，也可以同时保证重量和面积电容的良好兼容性。此外，将沥青高效转化为电容电极材料也是沥青高附加值利用的新途径。即使当电极的面积质量负载高达 10 mg cm-2 时，也可以同时保证重量和面积电容的良好兼容性。此外，将沥青高效转化为电容电极材料也是沥青高附加值利用的新途径。