Abstract Tectonic inversion and erosion conceal basin geological history. As simple stratigraphic reconstructions can be inaccurate, thermal modelling techniques are often applied. In this paper, we show the advantages of a multi-proxy approach for exhumation studies, which explores full range of all possible solutions. The part of the Mesozoic Central European Basin that was inverted into the Mid-Polish Anticlinorium in the Late Cretaceous is chosen as a case study. The analysis consists of three steps: First, a wide range of possible geological scenarios is constructed, accounting for two alternatives of the overburden sequence, southern and northern, that result from the impact of the Holy Cross Fault on Mesozoic deposition. The second stage comprises apatite fission track and vitrinite reflectance analyses carried out on a ~1500 m long vertical profile, inverse modelling of these data to obtain thermal histories, and 1D thermal modelling of burial-erosion using the PetroMod software. In the third step, results of modelling exercises are combined with probabilities of the overburden variants to define an ensemble of the most likely geological scenarios. By applying this workflow we conclude that exhumation of the Mid-Polish Anticlinorium began in the latest Turonian–early Campanian and that ~1.7–2.3 km of uppermost Triassic–Cretaceous rocks were removed. The heat flow was similar or slightly higher than the present-day value and during the Jurassic the study area was located on the northern side of the Holy Cross Fault, where deposition was faster. We also investigate the impact of elevated Late Palaeozoic heat flow on our samples and find that it was overprinted by high Late Cretaceous temperatures. All this is achieved by presenting the results as an ensemble of the most likely solutions within the wide modelling space.

中文翻译：

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如何处理缺失的覆盖层 - 通过多代理方法调查中波兰背斜层碎片的挖掘

摘要 构造反转和侵蚀掩盖了盆地的地质历史。由于简单的地层重建可能不准确，因此经常应用热建模技术。在本文中，我们展示了用于挖掘研究的多代理方法的优势，该方法探索了所有可能的解决方案。选择在晚白垩世倒置为中波兰背斜的中生代中欧盆地部分作为案例研究。分析包括三个步骤：首先，构建范围广泛的可能地质情景，考虑由圣十字断层对中生代沉积的影响导致的覆盖层序列的两个备选方案，南部和北部。第二阶段包括在约 1500 米长的垂直剖面上进行磷灰石裂变径迹和镜质体反射率分析，对这些数据进行逆向建模以获得热历史，以及使用 PetroMod 软件对埋藏侵蚀进行一维热建模。在第三步中，建模练习的结果与覆盖层变体的概率相结合，以定义最可能的地质场景的集合。通过应用此工作流程，我们得出结论，中波兰背斜的挖掘始于最新的土伦阶 - 早坎帕阶，并且移除了最上层三叠纪 - 白垩纪约 1.7-2.3 公里的岩石。热流与现今值相近或略高，侏罗纪时期研究区位于圣十字断层北侧，沉积较快。我们还研究了晚古生代热流升高对我们的样本的影响，发现它被晚白垩世的高温叠加。所有这一切都是通过将结果呈现为广泛建模空间内最可能的解决方案的集合来实现的。