The placenta promotes fetal growth through nutrient transfer and selective barrier systems. An optimally developed placenta can adapt to changes in the pregnancy environment, buffering the fetus from adverse exposures. We hypothesized that the placenta adapts differently to suboptimal maternal diets, evidenced by changes in placental morphology, developmental markers and key transport systems. Mice were fed a control diet (CON) during pregnancy, undernourished (UN) by 30% of control intake from gestational day (GD) 5.5–18.5 or fed 60% high-fat diet (HF) 8 weeks before and during pregnancy. At GD18.5, placental morphometry, development and transport were assessed. Junctional and labyrinthine areas of UN and HF placentae were smaller than CON by >10%. Fetal blood space area and fetal blood space:fetal weight ratios were reduced in HF vs. CON and UN. Trophoblast giant cell marker Ctsq mRNA expression was lower in UN vs. HF, and expression of glycogen cell markers Cx31.1 and Pcdh12 was lower in HF vs. UN. Efflux transporter Abcb1a mRNA expression was lower in HF vs. UN, and Abcg2 expression was lower in UN vs. HF. mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein Fabp_pm was higher in UN vs. CON and HF. mRNA and protein levels of the lipid transporter FAT/CD36 were lower in UN, and FATP4 protein levels were lower in HF vs. UN. UN placentae appear less mature with aberrant transport, whereas HF placentae adapt to excessive nutrient supply. Understanding placental adaptations to common nutritional adversities may reveal mechanisms underlying the developmental origins of later disease.

胎盘通过营养转移和选择性屏障系统促进胎儿生长。最佳发育的胎盘可适应妊娠环境的变化，从而缓冲胎儿免受不良暴露。我们假设胎盘适应次优孕妇饮食的方式有所不同，这由胎盘形态，发育标记和关键转运系统的变化所证明。小鼠在妊娠期间接受了对照饮食（CON），从妊娠日（GD）5.5至18.5摄入营养不足（UN）占对照摄入的30％，或者在妊娠前和妊娠8周喂养了60％的高脂饮食（HF）。在GD18.5，评估胎盘形态，发育和运输。UN和HF胎盘的交界和迷宫区比CON小10％以上。HF中的胎儿血空间面积和胎儿血空间：胎儿体重比降低与CON和UN 滋养层巨细胞标志物Ctsq mRNA在UN组比HF组低，糖原细胞标志物Cx31.1和Pcdh12在HF组比UN组低。与联合国相比，HF中外排转运蛋白Abcb1a mRNA的表达较低，而联合国与HF中的Abcg2表达较低。脂肪酸结合蛋白Fabp _pm的mRNA表达在UN中比CON和HF高。脂质转运FAT的mRNA和蛋白水平/ CD36是在联合国更低，FATP4蛋白水平在HF较低主场迎战联合国。联合国胎盘因运输异常而显得不那么成熟，而HF胎盘则适应过多的营养供应。了解胎盘对常见营养逆境的适应性可能揭示出后来疾病发展起源的潜在机制。