Abstract Using renewable distributed generators as photovoltaic cell and wind turbine in microgrid includes green and free energy exploitation. However, uncertainty of generated energy from these resources may underestimate energy planning for load demands. The uncertainty may be from market price and load demand in addition to the renewable distributed generators. To overcome the uncertainty challenge, energy storage system and demand response program with cooperation of users on demand side are applied as solutions to plan the energy flow in microgrid to guarantee the voltage stability and essential load supporting. In this paper, price-based demand response for industrial, commercial and house loads are considered in which the effect of demand response on the cost reduction is analyzed and discussed. Electrical and heat demand are considered in the microgrid while uncertainty of renewable distributed generators, market price and load demand are modeled and estimated by point estimation method. Simulation results with three scenarios are performed with and without price-based demand response program and results are compared. As shown in simulation results, demand response has highly reduced total cost (22–28% related to the case without that) where voltage dip (maximum 1.5%) and power deviation (maximum 1.33%) are also improved in the microgird.

中文翻译：

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考虑PV/WT不确定参数、市场价格和负载需求的负载需求响应程序在微电网成本优化中的影响

摘要 在微电网中使用可再生分布式发电机作为光伏电池和风力涡轮机包括绿色和免费能源开发。然而，这些资源产生的能量的不确定性可能会低估负载需求的能量规划。除了可再生分布式发电机之外，不确定性还可能来自市场价格和负载需求。为克服不确定性挑战，采用储能系统和需求侧用户合作的需求响应程序作为解决方案来规划微电网中的能量流，以保证电压稳定和必要的负载支撑。在本文中，考虑了工业、商业和住宅负荷的基于价格的需求响应，其中分析和讨论了需求响应对成本降低的影响。微电网中考虑了电力和热需求，而可再生分布式发电机的不确定性、市场价格和负荷需求则通过点估计法进行建模和估计。使用基于价格的需求响应程序和不使用基于价格的需求响应程序执行三种场景的模拟结果，并对结果进行比较。如仿真结果所示，需求响应大大降低了总成本（与没有该情况的情况相关 22-28%），其中微电网中的电压骤降（最大 1.5%）和功率偏差（最大 1.33%）也得到了改善。