Abstract Hurricanes induce multiple hazards including high wind speeds, large waves, and storm surge. The characteristics of these hazards have an important effect on the design of offshore structures and determine the suitability of simplifying assumptions for modeling, such as whether the maxima can be reasonably modeled as occurring simultaneously during the hurricane and whether the N-year values of the hazards can be modeled separately and combined. Such assumptions are common in practice. Assessing the implications of these assumptions to better inform hazard modeling along the U.S. Atlantic coast is the central objective of this paper. To this end, the characteristics of wind speeds, waves, and storm surge during hurricanes are evaluated for ten areas where development of offshore wind is proposed. The assumptions are evaluated for a model of an offshore wind turbine using time histories of hazards during intense hurricanes and using so-called environmental contours constructed through a novel implementation of the Inverse First Order Reliability Method. The results of this study show that these assumptions are reasonably accurate, especially for wind and wave in shallow waters and for wind and surge in deep waters. Hazard ratios are proposed as a suitable representation of the characteristics of hazard maxima.

中文翻译：

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美国大西洋沿岸飓风引起的风、浪和风暴潮最大值的特征

摘要 飓风会引发多种灾害，包括高风速、大浪和风暴潮。这些灾害的特征对海上结构的设计具有重要影响，并决定了简化建模假设的适用性，例如最大值是否可以合理地建模为在飓风期间同时发生，以及灾害的 N 年值是否合理可以单独建模和组合。这种假设在实践中很常见。评估这些假设的含义以更好地为美国大西洋沿岸的灾害建模提供信息是本文的中心目标。为此，对10个拟开发海上风电的地区进行了飓风期间风速、波浪和风暴潮的特征评估。这些假设是针对海上风力涡轮机模型使用强烈飓风期间灾害的​​时间历史并使用通过逆一阶可靠性方法的新颖实现构建的所谓环境等值线进行评估的。这项研究的结果表明，这些假设是相当准确的，特别是对于浅水中的风和波浪以及深水中的风和浪涌。建议危险比作为危险最大值特征的合适表示。尤其适用于浅水的风浪和深水的风浪。建议危险比作为危险最大值特征的合适表示。尤其适用于浅水的风浪和深水的风浪。建议危险比作为危险最大值特征的合适表示。