Inhibitory autapses are self-innervating synaptic connections in GABAergic interneurons in the brain. Autapses in neocortical layers have not been systematically investigated, and their function in different mammalian species and specific interneuron types is poorly known. We investigated GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (pvBCs) in layer 2/3 (L2/3) in human neocortical tissue resected in deep-brain surgery, and in mice as control. Most pvBCs showed robust GABA_AR-mediated self-innervation in both species, but autapses were rare in nonfast-spiking GABAergic interneurons. Light- and electron microscopy analyses revealed pvBC axons innervating their own soma and proximal dendrites. GABAergic self-inhibition conductance was similar in human and mouse pvBCs and comparable to that of synapses from pvBCs to other L2/3 neurons. Autaptic conductance prolonged somatic inhibition in pvBCs after a spike and inhibited repetitive firing. Perisomatic autaptic inhibition is common in both human and mouse pvBCs of supragranular neocortex, where they efficiently control discharge of the pvBCs.

中文翻译：

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健壮的perisomatic GABA能自我神经抑制人和小鼠的肾上皮新皮层中的篮细胞

抑制性先兆是大脑中GABA能神经元的自激突触连接。还没有系统地研究新皮质层中的黏附物，并且它们在不同哺乳动物物种和特定的中间神经元类型中的功能还知之甚少。我们调查了在深脑手术中切除的人类新皮层组织中2/3层（L2 / 3）中表达GABA能的小白蛋白表达的篮子细胞（pvBCs）。大多数pvBCs表现出强健的GABA _A在两个物种中，R介导的自我神经支配，但在非快速加标的GABA能中间神经元中，先兆很少。光镜和电子显微镜分析显示，pvBC轴突支配着自身的体细胞和近端树突。在人和小鼠pvBC中，GABA能的自我抑制电导率相似，与pvBC与其他L2 / 3神经元的突触可比。突触后自律传导延长了pvBC中的体细胞抑制，并抑制了重复性放电。在人和小鼠的大脑上新皮层的pvBC中，perisomatic的自发性抑制作用很普遍，它们可以有效地控制pvBCs的排出。