Over the past decade, there have been substantial advances in our understanding about how viral infections regulate asthma. Important lessons have been learned from birth cohort studies examining viral infections and subsequent asthma and from understanding the relationships between host genetics and viral infections, the contributions of respiratory viral infections to patterns of immune development, the impact of environmental exposure on the severity of viral infections, and how the viral genome influences host immune responses to viral infections. Further, there has been major progress in our knowledge about how bacteria regulate host immune responses in asthma pathogenesis. In this article, we also examine the dynamics of bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract during viral upper respiratory tract infection, in addition to the relationship of the gut and respiratory microbiomes with respiratory viral infections. Finally, we focus on potential interventions that could decrease virus-induced wheezing and asthma. There are emerging therapeutic options to decrease the severity of wheezing exacerbations caused by respiratory viral infections. Primary prevention is a major goal, and a strategy toward this end is considered.

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病毒如何影响哮喘的不断发展的概念：美国过敏、哮喘和免疫学会过敏委员会微生物工作组报告。

在过去的十年中，我们对病毒感染如何调节哮喘的理解有了长足的进步。从检查病毒感染和随后的哮喘的出生队列研究，以及了解宿主遗传学和病毒感染之间的关系、呼吸道病毒感染对免疫发育模式的贡献、环境暴露对病毒感染严重程度的影响，都吸取了重要的教训，以及病毒基因组如何影响宿主对病毒感染的免疫反应。此外，我们对细菌如何在哮喘发病机制中调节宿主免疫反应的认识也取得了重大进展。在这篇文章中，我们还研究了病毒性上呼吸道感染期间呼吸道细菌定植的动态，除了肠道和呼吸道微生物组与呼吸道病毒感染的关系。最后，我们关注可能减少病毒引起的喘息和哮喘的潜在干预措施。有新的治疗选择可以减轻呼吸道病毒感染引起的喘息加重的严重程度。初级预防是一个主要目标，并考虑了实现这一目标的策略。