Cancer is a complex disease of worldwide concern. Along with an improvement in outcomes, early and sensitive detection of cancer and cancer biomarkers can facilitate an understanding of cancer progression and aid in the development of effective treatment methods. Among the many detection methods available, aptasensors have shown great promise in recognition and identification of cancer cells and their biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in optical and microfluidic aptasensors for early detection of cancer, as well as the recent developments in aptamer-based platforms for cancer exosome detection.

The aptamer production process and their characterizations are initially introduced, and then the latest optical aptasensors for cancer cell recognition and detection are summarized. Microfluidic aptamer-based technologies for sensitive biomarker and cancer cell detection are then discussed. After that, the detection of cancer exosomes using recent fluorescent, colorimetric, and other approaches is elaborated. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future of aptasensors for cancer detection.

癌症是全世界关注的复杂疾病。随着结果的改善，癌症和癌症生物标志物的早期和灵敏检测可以促进对癌症进展的了解，并有助于开发有效的治疗方法。在许多可用的检测方法中，适体传感器在识别和鉴定癌细胞及其生物标志物方面显示出巨大的希望。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于早期检测癌症的光学和微流体适体传感器的最新进展，以及用于癌症外泌体检测的基于适体的平台的最新进展。

首先介绍了适体的生产过程及其特性，然后总结了用于癌细胞识别和检测的最新光学适体传感器。然后讨论了基于微流体适体的敏感生物标志物和癌细胞检测技术。此后，阐述了使用最新的荧光，比色法和其他方法检测癌症外来体的方法。最后，我们提供了用于癌症检测的适体传感器的未来展望。