Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a high impact viral disease of livestock for which vaccines are extensively used in control. Mongolia has regular incursions of FMD virus that are typically limited to the eastern region although large epidemics are occasionally reported in the normally disease-free western areas. Vaccines are imported and form an important component of the control strategy. In 2015, post-vaccination monitoring guidelines were published by the FAO-OIE recommending approaches for assessing the appropriateness of imported vaccines including small-scale immunogenicity studies. This study used these recommended approaches to guide the use of vaccine adjuvant type and the need for a one or two dose primary course in the national control programme considering cattle, sheep and Bactrian camels and also whether these vaccines were appropriate for the FMD virus lineages considered high risk to Mongolia (A/ASIA/Sea-97; O/SEA/Mya-98; O/ME-SA/PanAsia; O/ME-SA/Ind-2001). The results of these immunogenicity studies indicated that in cattle and sheep, oil-adjuvanted vaccines led to higher and more persistent neutralisation titres that were satisfactory against the target lineages if a two-dose primary course was utilised. In contrast, aqueous-adjuvanted vaccines were associated with lower titres that likely required a booster after 3 months. Levels of antibodies in Bactrian camels were significantly lower although it is unknown how these may correlate with protection under experimental or field exposure conditions. The results of this study have implications for vaccine policy in Mongolia and suggest further studies on the role of Bactrian camels in the epidemiology of FMD are necessary to indicate if further research on FMD vaccines are needed in this species.

中文翻译：

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蒙古不同种类的进口口蹄疫疫苗的免疫原性。

口蹄疫（FMD）是一种高影响力的牲畜病毒性疾病，疫苗已被广泛用于控制。蒙古有定期入侵的口蹄疫病毒，通常仅限于东部地区，尽管在正常情况下无病的西部地区偶尔也有大流行的报道。疫苗是进口的，并构成控制策略的重要组成部分。2015年，粮农组织-世界动物卫生组织发布了疫苗接种后监测指南，推荐了评估进口疫苗适用性的方法，包括小规模免疫原性研究。这项研究使用这些推荐的方法来指导疫苗佐剂类型的使用以及在国家控制计划中考虑牛的一剂或两剂初级疗程的需求，绵羊和双峰驼以及这些疫苗是否适合于被认为对蒙古具有高风险的口​​蹄疫病毒谱系（A / ASIA / Sea-97； O / SEA / Mya-98； O / ME-SA / PanAsia； O / ME- SA / Ind-2001）。这些免疫原性研究的结果表明，在牛和绵羊中，如果使用两剂初级疗程，佐剂油佐剂会导致更高和更持久的中和效价，这对目标谱系是令人满意的。相反，水佐剂疫苗的滴度较低，可能在3个月后需要加强免疫。双峰驼中的抗体水平显着降低，尽管尚不清楚它们与实验或野外暴露条件下的保护作用如何相关。