BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI), with its seemingly limitless power, holds the promise to truly revolutionize patient healthcare. However, the discourse carried out in public does not always correlate with the actual impact. Thus, we aimed to obtain both an overview of how French health professionals perceive the arrival of AI in daily practice and the perception of the other actors involved in AI to have an overall understanding of this issue. METHODS Forty French stakeholders with diverse backgrounds were interviewed in Paris between October 2017 and June 2018 and their contributions analyzed using the grounded theory method (GTM). RESULTS The interviews showed that the various actors involved all see AI as a myth to be debunked. However, their views differed. French healthcare professionals, who are strategically placed in the adoption of AI tools, were focused on providing the best and safest care for their patients. Contrary to popular belief, they are not always seeing the use of these tools in their practice. For healthcare industrial partners, AI is a true breakthrough but legal difficulties to access individual health data could hamper its development. Institutional players are aware that they will have to play a significant role concerning the regulation of the use of these tools. From an external point of view, individuals without a conflict of interest have significant concerns about the sustainability of the balance between health, social justice, and freedom. Health researchers specialized in AI have a more pragmatic point of view and hope for a better transition from research to practice. CONCLUSION Although some hyperbole has taken over the discourse on AI in healthcare, diverse opinions and points of view have emerged among French stakeholders. The development of AI tools in healthcare will be satisfactory for everyone only by initiating a collaborative effort between all those involved. It is thus time to also consider the opinion of patients and, together, address the remaining questions, such as that of responsibility.

中文翻译：

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对医疗保健中人工智能的看法：法国参与者的定性调查研究结果。

背景技术人工智能（AI）看似具有无限的力量，有望真正彻底改变患者医疗保健。然而，公开进行的言论并不总是与实际影响相关。因此，我们的目的是了解法国卫生专业人员如何看待人工智能在日常实践中的到来，以及参与人工智能的其他参与者的看法，以便对这个问题有一个全面的了解。方法 2017 年 10 月至 2018 年 6 月在巴黎采访了 40 名具有不同背景的法国利益相关者，并使用扎根理论方法 (GTM) 分析了他们的贡献。结果采访显示，参与其中的各个参与者都将人工智能视为需要揭穿的神话。然而，他们的观点不同。法国医疗保健专业人员在人工智能工具的采用方面处于战略地位，专注于为患者提供最好、最安全的护理。与普遍看法相反，他们并不总是在实践中看到这些工具的使用。对于医疗保健行业合作伙伴来说，人工智能是一个真正的突破，但访问个人健康数据的法律困难可能会阻碍其发展。机构参与者意识到，他们必须在监管这些工具的使用方面发挥重要作用。从外部角度来看，没有利益冲突的个人对健康、社会正义和自由之间平衡的可持续性有很大的担忧。专门从事人工智能的健康研究人员有着更加务实的观点，希望能够更好地从研究到实践的过渡。结论 尽管有关医疗保健领域人工智能的讨论有些夸张，但法国利益相关者中出现了不同的意见和观点。只有通过所有参与者之间的协作努力，医疗保健领域人工智能工具的开发才能让每个人都满意。因此，现在也是考虑患者意见并共同解决剩余问题（例如责任问题）的时候了。