The vascular system, which transports oxygen and nutrients, plays an important role in wound healing, cardiovascular disease treatment and bone tissue engineering. Angiogenesis is a complex and delicate regulatory process. Vascular cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and angiogenic factors are indispensable in the promotion of lumen formation and vascular maturation to support blood flow. However, the addition of growth factors or proteins involved in proangiogenic effects is not effective for regulating angiogenesis in different microenvironments. The construction of biomaterial scaffolds to achieve optimal growth conditions and earlier vascularization is undoubtedly one of the most important considerations and major challenges among engineering strategies. Nanomaterials have attracted much attention in biomedical applications due to their structure and unique photoelectric and catalytic properties. Nanomaterials not only serve as carriers that effectively deliver factors such as angiogenesis-related proteins and mRNA but also simulate the nano-topological structure of the primary ECM of blood vessels and stimulate the gene expression of angiogenic effects facilitating angiogenesis. Therefore, the introduction of nanomaterials to promote angiogenesis is a great helpful to the success of tissue regeneration and some ischaemic diseases. This review focuses on the angiogenic effects of nanoscaffolds in different types of tissue regeneration and discusses the influencing factors as well as possible related mechanisms of nanomaterials in endothelial neovascularization. It contributes novel insights into the design and development of novel nanomaterials for vascularization and therapeutic applications.

中文翻译：

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深入了解纳米材料的血管生成效应：涉及的机制和潜在的应用。


血管系统负责输送氧气和营养物质，在伤口愈合、心血管疾病治疗和骨组织工程中发挥着重要作用。血管生成是一个复杂而微妙的调节过程。血管细胞、细胞外基质（ECM）和血管生成因子对于促进管腔形成和血管成熟以支持血流是不可或缺的。然而，添加参与促血管生成作用的生长因子或蛋白质对于调节不同微环境中的血管生成并不有效。构建生物材料支架以实现最佳生长条件和早期血管化无疑是工程策略中最重要的考虑因素和主要挑战之一。纳米材料因其结构和独特的光电和催化性能而在生物医学应用中备受关注。纳米材料不仅可以作为有效传递血管生成相关蛋白和mRNA等因子的载体，还可以模拟血管初级ECM的纳米拓扑结构，刺激促进血管生成的血管生成效应的基因表达。因此，引入纳米材料促进血管生成对于组织再生和一些缺血性疾病的成功有很大帮助。本文重点综述了纳米支架在不同类型组织再生中的血管生成作用，并讨论了纳米材料在内皮新生血管形成中的影响因素以及可能的相关机制。它为血管化和治疗应用的新型纳米材料的设计和开发提供了新的见解。