Metamaterials have shown great promise for manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves, thus opening new routes for the progression of flat optics. However, postfabrication fixed structures hinder the dynamic manipulation of light. Dynamic control of EM light has been realized through different mechanisms including electrical gating, optical pumping, mechanical actuation, and temperature stimulation. Here, we are first proposing the plasmonic-resonators-mounted thermoresponsive free-standing hydrogel for holographic display that swells and collapses laterally by temperature. By taking leverage of reversible switching of the hydrogel, we numerically examine the polarization-insensitive dynamic holographic switch by a plasmonic-rings/discs-loaded hydrogel in reflection as a primary application. Second, we observe the transmissive functionality of a plasmonic-sector-resonators-mounted hydrogel, which displays a persistent holographic image under swelling and collapsing conditions. This work demonstrates the potential of a resonators-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel for EM wave manipulation including dynamic holography, active lensing, switching, and so on.

中文翻译：

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多功能热响应水凝胶：动态全息显示的平台

超材料已经显示出操纵电磁波的巨大希望，从而为平板光学的发展开辟了新的途径。然而，后制造的固定结构阻碍了光的动态操纵。EM光的动态控制已通过不同的机制实现，包括电选通，光泵浦，机械致动和温度刺激。在这里，我们首先提出了用于等离子体显示器的，安装了等离子体共振器的热响应自立式水凝胶，该凝胶在温度下会横向膨胀和塌陷。通过利用水凝胶的可逆转换的杠杆作用，我们以等离子环/圆盘加载的水凝胶在反射中作为主要应用，对偏振不敏感的动态全息开关进行了数值研究。第二，我们观察到安装了等离子体激元谐振器的水凝胶的透射功能，该水凝胶在溶胀和塌陷的情况下显示出持久的全息图像。这项工作证明了装有共振器的热响应水凝胶在EM波操纵方面的潜力，包括动态全息术，主动透镜，开关等。