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Risk and life cycle assessment of nanoparticles for medical applications prepared using safe- and benign-by-design gas-phase syntheses
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2020/01/08 , DOI: 10.1039/c9gc02436k P. Weyell 1, 2, 3, 4 , H.-D. Kurland 1, 3, 4, 5 , T. Hülser 4, 6, 7 , J. Grabow 1, 3, 4, 5 , F. A. Müller 1, 3, 4, 5 , D. Kralisch 1, 2, 3, 4
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2020/01/08 , DOI: 10.1039/c9gc02436k P. Weyell 1, 2, 3, 4 , H.-D. Kurland 1, 3, 4, 5 , T. Hülser 4, 6, 7 , J. Grabow 1, 3, 4, 5 , F. A. Müller 1, 3, 4, 5 , D. Kralisch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Laser vaporisation is a promising technology for the industrial manufacturing of spherical, oxidic nanoparticles, including crystalline, less-agglomerated ferromagnetic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) and superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3/amorphous SiO2 composite nanoparticles. These can be utilised in medical applications such as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and may replace common contrast agents such as gadolinium chelate complexes. Nano-specific risk assessment and life cycle assessment have been used in parallel in order to critically assess benefits and shortcomings of this technological approach and to find the key parameters for process optimisation. Potential risks in occupational safety were found to be low, but the energy demand of the laser system is crucial in terms of environmental impact potential. However, process optimisation options in process efficiency, laser source and reuse of waste heat were identified, leading to a decrease of the overall cumulated energy demand up to 94%. Flame spray pyrolysis was included in the comparative study as an alternative approach for gas phase synthesis of oxidic nanoparticles. Both technologies and the resulting nanoenabled products were found to be environmentally beneficial compared to the preparation of the standard MRI contrast agent Gadovist®.
中文翻译：
使用安全和良性设计的气相合成方法制备的医疗应用纳米颗粒的风险和生命周期评估
激光汽化是用于工业制造球形，氧化物纳米颗粒，包括结晶，团聚少铁磁磁赤铁矿（γ-Fe的有前途的技术2 ö 3）和超顺了γ-Fe 2 ö 3 /无定形的SiO 2复合纳米粒子。这些可用于医学应用，例如磁共振成像（MRI）中的造影剂，并可替代常见的造影剂，例如g螯合物。并行使用了特定于纳米的风险评估和生命周期评估，以严格评估该技术方法的优点和缺点，并找到过程优化的关键参数。人们发现职业安全的潜在风险较低，但是就环境影响潜力而言，激光系统的能源需求至关重要。但是，在工艺效率，激光源和废热再利用方面的工艺优化选项得到了确定，从而使总累积能量需求降低了94％。对比研究中包括火焰喷雾热解，作为气相合成氧化纳米粒子的另一种方法。与标准MRI造影剂Gadovist®的制备相比，这两种技术和所得的具有纳米功能的产品均被证明对环境有益。
更新日期：2020-02-13
中文翻译：
使用安全和良性设计的气相合成方法制备的医疗应用纳米颗粒的风险和生命周期评估
激光汽化是用于工业制造球形，氧化物纳米颗粒，包括结晶，团聚少铁磁磁赤铁矿（γ-Fe的有前途的技术2 ö 3）和超顺了γ-Fe 2 ö 3 /无定形的SiO 2复合纳米粒子。这些可用于医学应用，例如磁共振成像（MRI）中的造影剂，并可替代常见的造影剂，例如g螯合物。并行使用了特定于纳米的风险评估和生命周期评估，以严格评估该技术方法的优点和缺点，并找到过程优化的关键参数。人们发现职业安全的潜在风险较低，但是就环境影响潜力而言，激光系统的能源需求至关重要。但是，在工艺效率，激光源和废热再利用方面的工艺优化选项得到了确定，从而使总累积能量需求降低了94％。对比研究中包括火焰喷雾热解，作为气相合成氧化纳米粒子的另一种方法。与标准MRI造影剂Gadovist®的制备相比，这两种技术和所得的具有纳米功能的产品均被证明对环境有益。
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