Short ballistic graphene Josephson junctions sustain superconducting current with a non-sinusoidal current-phase relation up to a critical current threshold. The current-phase relation, arising from proximitized superconductivity, is gate-voltage tunable and exhibits peculiar skewness observed in high quality graphene superconductors heterostructures with clean interfaces. These properties make graphene Josephson junctions promising sensitive quantum probes of microscopic fluctuations underlying transport in two-dimensions. We show that the power spectrum of the critical current fluctuations has a characteristic \(1/f\) dependence on frequency, \(f\), probing two points and higher correlations of carrier density fluctuations of the graphene channel induced by carrier traps in the nearby substrate. Tunability with the Fermi level, close to and far from the charge neutrality point, and temperature dependence of the noise amplitude are clear fingerprints of the underlying material-inherent processes. Our results suggest a roadmap for the analysis of decoherence sources in the implementation of coherent devices by hybrid nanostructures.

短弹道石墨烯约瑟夫森结以非正弦电流-相位关系维持超导电流，直至临界电流阈值。由邻近的超导性引起的电流-相位关系是栅极电压可调的，并且在具有干净界面的高质量石墨烯超导体异质结构中观察到显示出特殊的偏斜度。这些性质使石墨烯约瑟夫森结有望成为二维运输基础上的微观波动的灵敏量子探针。我们表明，临界电流波动的功率谱具有特征\（1 / f \）依赖于频率\（f \），探究由附近衬底中的载流子陷阱引起的石墨烯通道的载流子密度波动的两点和更高的相关性。费米能级（接近和远离电荷中性点）的可调性以及噪声幅度的温度依赖性是基础材料固有过程的清晰指纹。我们的结果为通过杂化纳米结构实现相干器件中的相干源分析提出了路线图。