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Characterization of bromelain indicates a molar excess of inhibitor vs. enzyme molecules, a Jacalin-like lectin and Maillard reaction products.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113075
Peter Gross 1 , Holger Seelert 1 , Peter Meiser 2 , Rolf Müller 3
Affiliation  

The phytotherapeutic bromelain is a heterogeneous protein mixture, extracted from pineapple stem, with high proteolytic activity based on cysteine proteases. Its global protein chemical composition was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. A SDS-PAGE method with elaborate sample pretreatment was developed, to cope with the bromelain's self-digestion properties and the hypothetical disulfide scrambling during electrophoresis. Both can produce misleading results, if not considered. RP-HPLC was applied for its high separation power for bromelain proteinaceous compounds. A peak identification and assignment to different protein classes in bromelain was done by enzyme kinetics and MS. The method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of the molar ratio between inhibitor and enzyme and resulted to be approximately 3:2. Bromelain contains, from a molar point of view, inhibitor molecules as major component, which thus might be considered as a natural pharmaceutical excipient in Bromelain, because it protects the enzymes against autolysis. We described two methods to separate the inhibitor fraction from the enzyme fraction, RP-HPLC and size exclusion chromatography. A pineapple derived Jacalin-like-lectin, herein called 'Anlec', was identified and quantified by RP-HPLC-MS in bromelain and its content was determined to be 5%, related to all proteins in bromelain. Anlec binds specifically to mannose-containing glycans and is discussed in literature to possess anti-HIV medical potential. Bromelain could therefore be a possible and economic source for the production of Anlec. An isolation strategy of Anlec from bromelain, in high purity, is shown in this work. The presented RP-HPLC results are comprehensive in chemical information, and the method is expedient to provide appropriate bromelain protein isolations but also to accomplish quality control, covering all relevant protein components. It is furthermore shown, that proteins in bromelain may react with reducing sugars in a Maillard reaction to form glycated proteins. Maillard reaction products in bromelain are detected and characterized and could be responsible for the limited stability and storage times at room temperature of bromelain. Even the active center thiol group could be potentially glycated.

中文翻译:

菠萝蛋白酶的表征表明抑制剂相对于酶分子,Jacalin样凝集素和美拉德反应产物摩尔过量。

植物治疗菠萝蛋白酶是一种从菠萝茎中提取的异质蛋白混合物,具有基于半胱氨​​酸蛋白酶的高蛋白水解活性。通过SDS-PAGE和RP-HPLC定性和定量分析了其总体蛋白质化学组成。为了解决菠萝蛋白酶的自我消化特性和电泳过程中可能发生的二硫键加扰,开发了一种采用精细样品预处理的SDS-PAGE方法。如果不考虑,两者都会产生误导性结果。RP-HPLC具有很高的对菠萝蛋白酶蛋白质化合物的分离能力。通过酶动力学和质谱对菠萝蛋白酶中的蛋白质进行了峰鉴定和分配。该方法成功地用于定量测定抑制剂与酶之间的摩尔比,结果约为3:2。从摩尔的角度来看,菠萝蛋白酶含有抑制剂分子作为主要成分,因此可以被认为是菠萝蛋白酶中的天然药物赋形剂,因为它可以保护酶免于自溶。我们描述了两种从酶组分中分离抑制剂组分的方法:RP-HPLC和尺寸排阻色谱法。通过菠萝蛋白酶中的RP-HPLC-MS鉴定并定量了菠萝衍生的Jacalin样凝集素(本文称为“ Anlec”),并确定其含量为5%,与菠萝蛋白酶中的所有蛋白质有关。Anlec与含甘露糖的聚糖特异性结合,并且在文献中进行了讨论,具有抗HIV的医学潜力。因此,菠萝蛋白酶可能是生产Anlec的可能和经济来源。这项工作显示了高纯度的菠萝蛋白酶中Anlec的分离策略。所提供的RP-HPLC结果在化学信息上是全面的,该方法可方便地提供适当的菠萝蛋白酶蛋白分离,而且可实现质量控制,涵盖所有相关的蛋白质成分。进一步显示,菠萝蛋白酶中的蛋白质可以在美拉德反应中与还原糖反应形成糖基化蛋白质。检测并表征了菠萝蛋白酶中的美拉德反应产物,这可能是菠萝蛋白酶在室温下有限的稳定性和储存时间的原因。甚至活性中心硫醇基也可能被糖化。这项工作显示了高纯度的菠萝蛋白酶中Anlec的分离策略。所提供的RP-HPLC结果在化学信息上是全面的,该方法可方便地提供适当的菠萝蛋白酶蛋白分离,而且可实现质量控制,涵盖所有相关的蛋白质成分。进一步显示,菠萝蛋白酶中的蛋白质可以在美拉德反应中与还原糖反应形成糖基化蛋白质。检测并表征了菠萝蛋白酶中的美拉德反应产物,这可能是菠萝蛋白酶在室温下有限的稳定性和储存时间的原因。甚至活性中心硫醇基也可能被糖化。这项工作显示了高纯度的菠萝蛋白酶中Anlec的分离策略。所提供的RP-HPLC结果在化学信息上是全面的,该方法可方便地提供适当的菠萝蛋白酶蛋白分离,而且可实现质量控制,涵盖所有相关的蛋白质成分。进一步显示,菠萝蛋白酶中的蛋白质可以在美拉德反应中与还原糖反应形成糖基化蛋白质。检测并表征了菠萝蛋白酶中的美拉德反应产物,这可能是菠萝蛋白酶在室温下有限的稳定性和储存时间的原因。甚至活性中心硫醇基也可能被糖化。该方法有利于提供适当的菠萝蛋白酶蛋白质分离物,而且还可以完成质量控制,涵盖所有相关的蛋白质成分。进一步显示,菠萝蛋白酶中的蛋白质可以在美拉德反应中与还原糖反应形成糖基化蛋白质。检测并表征了菠萝蛋白酶中的美拉德反应产物,这可能是菠萝蛋白酶在室温下有限的稳定性和储存时间的原因。甚至活性中心硫醇基也可能被糖化。该方法有利于提供适当的菠萝蛋白酶蛋白质分离物,而且还可以完成质量控制,涵盖所有相关的蛋白质成分。进一步显示,菠萝蛋白酶中的蛋白质可以在美拉德反应中与还原糖反应形成糖基化蛋白质。检测并表征了菠萝蛋白酶中的美拉德反应产物,这可能是菠萝蛋白酶在室温下有限的稳定性和储存时间的原因。甚至活性中心硫醇基也可能被糖化。检测并表征了菠萝蛋白酶中的美拉德反应产物,这可能是菠萝蛋白酶在室温下有限的稳定性和储存时间的原因。甚至活性中心硫醇基也可能被糖化。检测并表征了菠萝蛋白酶中的美拉德反应产物,这可能是菠萝蛋白酶在室温下有限的稳定性和储存时间的原因。甚至活性中心硫醇基也可能被糖化。
更新日期:2020-01-08
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