Toehold switch sensors represent a class of new advances that allow specific targets to trigger in situ expression of a protein reporter. Although they offer unique advantages of a label-free nature and high portability, they generally require repeated sequence design, high expenditure, and laborious optimization of toehold switch sequences according to different targets. To simplify the sensing process further and to improve its practicability, we innovatively introduce a dual-step pre-transduction upon traditional toehold switch sensor. Through two successive toehold-mediated strand-displacement reactions that are initiated, respectively, by a linear and an associative trigger, different DNAs, RNAs, or ligands of functional nucleic acids can be generally transduced into the input of one high-performance toehold switch sensor. This advance greatly increases the target range. Furthermore, the whole process is signal-on, homogeneous, and free of any requirements for complicated operations such as probe labeling, separation, and reconstruction of the toehold switch, being promising and practical even in portable or point-of-care assays.

中文翻译：

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借助双步传感脚趾开关传感器对各种目标进行同质和通用检测。

鞋头开关传感器代表了一类新的进步，它允许特定的目标触发蛋白质报告基因的原位表达。尽管它们具有无标签性质和高便携性的独特优势，但它们通常需要根据不同的目标进行重复的序列设计，高昂的花费以及对脚趾开关序列进行费力的优化。为了进一步简化感测过程并提高其实用性，我们创新地在传统的脚趾开关传感器上引入了双步预转换。通过分别由线性和相关触发引发的两个连续的脚趾位介导的链置换反应，通常可以将不同的DNA，RNA或功能性核酸的配体转导到一个高性能脚趾位开关传感器的输入中。这种进步大大增加了目标范围。此外，整个过程是信号接通的，均质的，并且没有复杂操作的任何要求，例如探针标记，分离和脚趾开关的重建，即使在便携式或即时检测中，也是有希望且实用的。