Approximately 10-15 % of people that sustain mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) develop post-concussive syndrome (PCS). PCS is a complex array of symptoms that can result in physical, cognitive and emotional impairments. Following mTBI, there are also complex changes in the oxidative stress system and engagement of the inflammatory system, within the brain. Diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 is an organoselenium compound which can play a role in anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (PhSe)2 also has many interesting properties including anti-anxiety, anti-depressant and anti-nociception effects. We sought to determine if treatment with (PhSe)2 following repetitive mTBI could have mitigating effects on PCS. To investigate this, we induced mTBI or sham injuries using our lateral impact device in adolescent male and female Sprague Dawley rats and an hour later injected rats with vehicle, 10 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg (PhSe)2 i.p. Next, we conducted a behavioral assessment designed to assess PCS and then euthanized the animals to examine changes in gene expression and telomere length. (PhSe)2 decreased the time to cross the beam, distance travelled and time spent in the centre of the open field, time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, the time investigating both objects in the novel context mismatch and time immobile in the forced swim. This anxiety-like symptomology resolved spontaneously between 10 and 12 days after the third mTBI. We found (PhSe)2 groups showed increased levels of TNF alpha and longer telomeres. We also found higher levels of GPX1 in the injured animals. Our results show that (PhSe)2 exacerbates anxiety-like symptomology in contrast to previous findings.

中文翻译：

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反复轻度颅脑外伤后给予二苯二硒（PhSe）2，可加剧大鼠模型的焦虑症症状。

患有轻度脑外伤（mTBI）的人中约有10-15％患有脑震荡后综合征（PCS）。PCS是一系列复杂的症状，可能导致身体，认知和情感障碍。继mTBI之后，大脑内的氧化应激系统和炎症系统的参与也发生了复杂的变化。二苯二硒化物（PhSe）2是一种有机硒化合物，可在抗氧化和抗炎活性中发挥作用。（PhSe）2还具有许多有趣的特性，包括抗焦虑，抗抑郁和抗伤害感受的作用。我们试图确定重复mTBI后用（PhSe）2治疗是否对PCS有缓解作用。为了对此进行调查，我们使用侧向碰撞装置在青春期的雄性和雌性Sprague Dawley大鼠中诱发了mTBI或假手术损伤，一个小时后，给大鼠注射了10 mg / kg或25 mg / kg（PhSe）2的媒介物ip接下来，我们进行了行为评估评估PCS，然后对动物实施安乐死以检查基因表达和端粒长度的变化。（PhSe）2减少了穿过光束的时间，行进的距离和在旷野中心花费的时间，在高架加迷宫的张开双臂中花费的时间，在新颖的背景下研究两个物体失配和时间固定的时间在强迫游泳中。第三次mTBI后10到12天，这种焦虑状症状自发消失。我们发现（PhSe）2组显示TNFα水平升高和端粒更长。我们还发现受伤动物的GPX1水平较高。我们的结果表明，与以前的发现相反，（PhSe）2加剧了焦虑样症状。