Abstract Sensitive analysis of nine selected antipsychotic drugs is demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with innovative electrochemical detector employing the non standard, 0.2 mm diameter Pentel AinStein pencil graphite as a working electrode. In addition to low cost, the detector performance is characterized by low background current, capability to operate in low ionic strength media and very fast attainment of stable baseline. These advantageous features are attributed to microelectrode character of the pencil lead surface. The concentration LODs ranged between 1.0 (olanzapine) and 7.9 nmol/L (chlorpromazine) with linearity up to 500 nmol/L . Model analyses in spiked control serum as well as the real sample analyses of human plasma samples of subjects after intoxication with olanzapine resp. promethazine are shown. The developed method could be used for forensic monitoring of commonly used APs in blood samples. According to relevant assessment tools, the whole procedure can be regarded as green.

中文翻译：

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使用微碳铅笔铅电极对选定的抗精神病药物进行灵敏的 HPLC-ED 分析

摘要 高效液相色谱结合创新的电化学检测器，采用非标准的 0.2 毫米直径 Pentel AinStein 铅笔石墨作为工作电极，对九种选定的抗精神病药物进行了灵敏分析。除了低成本之外，检测器性能的特点是低背景电流、能够在低离子强度介质中运行以及非常快速地达到稳定基线。这些有利的特征归因于铅笔芯表面的微电极特性。浓度 LOD 介于 1.0（奥氮平）和 7.9 nmol/L（氯丙嗪）之间，线性度高达 500 nmol/L。加标对照血清的模型分析以及奥氮平中毒后受试者人血浆样品的真实样品分析。显示了异丙嗪。所开发的方法可用于对血液样本中常用 AP 的法医监测。根据相关评估工具，整个过程可以被视为绿色。