Ethanol conversion into n-butanol was performed over ZrO2–CeO2 mixed oxide catalysts. The effect of ceria content on the acid–base and catalytic properties of ZrO2–CeO2 compositions has been studied. The introduction of CeO2 additives into zirconia stabilizes the tetragonal phase of ZrO2 leading to an increase in basicity of the samples and, as a result, increases the activity of catalysts towards n-butanol. The highest ethanol conversion, selectivity and the rate of n-butanol formation were obtained over the ZrO2–CeO2 sample with 10% of ceria, which exhibited the highest concentration and strength of base sites. This sample consists of a solid solution of ZrO2–CeO2, whereas at higher concentrations of additive, CeO2 forms an individual phase.Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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二氧化铈含量对乙醇制正丁醇缩合过程中ZrO2-CeO2氧化物组合物酸碱和催化特性的影响

乙醇转化为正丁醇是在 ZrO2-CeO2 混合氧化物催化剂上进行的。已经研究了氧化铈含量对 ZrO2-CeO2 组合物的酸碱和催化性能的影响。将 CeO2 添加剂引入氧化锆中可以稳定 ZrO2 的四方相，从而提高样品的碱性，从而提高催化剂对正丁醇的活性。在含有 10% 氧化铈的 ZrO2-CeO2 样品上获得了最高的乙醇转化率、选择性和正丁醇形成速率，其显示出最高的碱浓度和强度。该样品由 ZrO2–CeO2 的固溶体组成，而在较高浓度的添加剂下，CeO2 形成单独的相。 图形摘要