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Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for the diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis: a prospective validation study.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases ( IF 56.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 , DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30550-x
Fiona V Cresswell 1 , Lillian Tugume 2 , Nathan C Bahr 3 , Richard Kwizera 2 , Ananta S Bangdiwala 4 , Abdu K Musubire 2 , Morris Rutakingirwa 2 , Enock Kagimu 2 , Edwin Nuwagira 5 , Edward Mpoza 6 , Joshua Rhein 7 , Darlisha A Williams 2 , Conrad Muzoora 5 , Daniel Grint 8 , Alison M Elliott 9 , David B Meya 2 , David R Boulware 10 ,
Affiliation  

INTRODUCTION Tuberculous meningitis accounts for 1-5% of tuberculosis cases. Diagnostic delay contributes to poor outcomes. We evaluated the performance of the new Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) for tuberculous meningitis diagnosis. METHODS In this prospective validation study, we tested the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adults presenting with suspected meningitis (ie, headache or altered mental status with clinical signs of meningism) to the Mulago National Referral Hospital and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda. We centrifuged the CSF, resuspended the cell pellet in 2 mL CSF, and tested 0·5 mL aliquots with Xpert Ultra, Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), and mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture. We quantified diagnostic performance against the uniform case definition of probable or definite tuberculous meningitis and a composite microbiological reference standard. FINDINGS From Nov 25, 2016, to Jan 24, 2019, we screened 466 adults with suspected meningitis and tested 204 for tuberculous meningitis. Uniform clinical case definition classified 51 participants as having probable or definite tuberculous meningitis. Against this uniform case definition, Xpert Ultra had 76·5% sensitivity (95% CI 62·5-87·2; 39 of 51 patients) and a negative predictive value of 92·7% (87·6-96·2; 153 of 165), compared with 55·6% sensitivity (44·0-70·4; 25 of 45; p=0·0010) and a negative predictive value of 85·8% (78·9-91·1; 121 of 141) for Xpert and 61·4% sensitivity (45·5-75·6; 27 of 44; p=0·020) and negative predictive value of 85·2% (77·4-91·1; 98 of 115) for MGIT culture. Against the composite microbiological reference standard, Xpert Ultra had sensitivity of 92·9% (80·5-98·5; 39 of 42), higher than Xpert at 65·8% (48·6-80·4; 25 of 38; p=0·0063) and MGIT culture at 72·2% (55·9-86·2; 27 of 37; p=0·092). Xpert Ultra detected nine tuberculous meningitis cases missed by Xpert and MGIT culture. INTERPRETATION Xpert Ultra detected tuberculous meningitis with higher sensitivity than Xpert and MGIT culture in this HIV-positive population. However, with a negative predictive value of 93%, Xpert Ultra cannot be used as a rule-out test. Clinical judgment and novel highly sensitive point-of-care tests are still required. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, National Institute of Health, National Institute of Neurologic Diseases and Stroke, Fogarty International Center, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

中文翻译:

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra 用于诊断 HIV 相关结核性脑膜炎:一项前瞻性验证研究。

简介 结核性脑膜炎占结核病病例的 1-5%。诊断延迟会导致不良结果。我们评估了新型 Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) 在结核性脑膜炎诊断方面的性能。方法 在这项前瞻性验证研究中,我们对乌干达穆拉戈国家转诊医院和姆巴拉拉地区转诊医院疑似脑膜炎(即头痛或具有脑膜病临床症状的精神状态改变)的成年人进行了脑脊液(CSF)检测。我们离心 CSF,将细胞沉淀重悬于 2 mL CSF 中,并使用 Xpert Ultra、Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) 和分枝杆菌生长指示管 (MGIT) 培养物测试 0·5 mL 等分试样。我们根据可能或确诊结核性脑膜炎的统一病例定义和复合微生物学参考标准量化了诊断性能。结果 从2016年11月25日到2019年1月24日,我们筛查了466名疑似脑膜炎的成年人,并对204名结核性脑膜炎进行了检测。统一的临床病例定义将 51 名参与者归类为可能或确诊的结核性脑膜炎。相对于这种统一的病例定义,Xpert Ultra 的敏感性为 76·5%(95% CI 62·5-87·2;51 名患者中的 39 名),阴性预测值为 92·7%(87·6-96·2;51 名患者中的 39 名)。 165 中的 153),相比之下,敏感性为 55·6%(44·0-70·4;45 中的 25;p=0·0010),阴性预测值为 85·8%(78·9-91·1;78·9-91·1;p=0·0010)。 Xpert 的第 121 个(共 141 个),敏感性为 61·4%(45·5-75·6;44 个中的 27 个;p=0·020),阴性预测值为 85·2%(77·4-91·1;98) 115) MGIT 文化。针对复合微生物参考标准,Xpert Ultra 的灵敏度为 92·9%(80·5-98·5;42 中的 39),高于 Xpert 的 65·8%(48·6-80·4;38 中的 25) ;p=0·0063),MGIT 培养率为 72·2% (55·9-86·2;37 中的 27;p=0·092)。Xpert Ultra 检测到 Xpert 和 MGIT 培养漏检的 9 例结核性脑膜炎病例。解释 Xpert Ultra 在该 HIV 阳性人群中检测结核性脑膜炎的灵敏度高于 Xpert 和 MGIT 培养。然而,Xpert Ultra 的阴性预测值为 93%,不能用作排除测试。仍然需要临床判断和新颖的高灵敏度即时检测。资助威康信托基金、国立卫生研究院、国立神经疾病和中风研究所、福格蒂国际中心以及国立过敏和传染病研究所。
更新日期:2020-02-27
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