The field of photovoltaic research has been lately dominated by the rapid evolution of low-cost and high-efficiency hybrid organic lead halide perovskite solar cells. Despite the considerable progress made in the efficiency of such devices, the achievement of long-term material and device stability remains a challenge. In this Perspective, insights into the role structural defects play in the stability of these perovskite absorbers are examined, highlighting the critical importance of vacancy type defects as the initiation sites for moisture-, oxygen-, and light-induced degradation and the approaches that are emerging to help overcome these issues. In the second part of the Perspective we consider the stability of tin-based perovskites. Here, the Sn4+ defects that arise upon material degradation are described along with the strategies being developed to enhance stability and decrease their formation. Finally, the discussion is extended to innately more stable layered tin-based perovskites, identifying them as a route to the development of efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells.

中文翻译：

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铅和卤化锡钙钛矿的稳定性：缺陷与降解之间的联系。

低成本和高效率的混合有机卤化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的迅速发展，最近在光伏研究领域占据主导地位。尽管在这种装置的效率上取得了相当大的进步，但是实现长期材料和装置稳定性仍然是一个挑战。在本《观点》中，对结构缺陷在这些钙钛矿吸收剂的稳定性中所起的作用的见解进行了考察，强调了空位型缺陷作为水分，氧气和光诱导降解的起始位点的至关重要性，以及解决方法。新兴的帮助克服这些问题。在《观点》的第二部分中，我们考虑了锡基钙钛矿的稳定性。这里，描述了由于材料降解而产生的Sn4 +缺陷以及正在开发的增强稳定性和减少其形成的策略。最后，讨论范围扩展到本质上更稳定的层状锡基钙钛矿，并将其确定为开发高效无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的途径。