BACKGROUND An individual is considered HIV positive when a confirmatory HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation test returns positive following an initial reactive antigen/antibody combination screen. Falsely reactive HIV screens have been reported in patients with various concomitant infectious and autoimmune conditions. Falsely positive confirmatory HIV differentiation assays are seen less frequently, but have been observed in cases of pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, and malaria. CASE PRESENTATION A healthy 27 year-old man was referred after a reactive ADVIA Centaur® HIV Ag/Ab screen and positive Bio-Rad Geenius™ HIV 1/2 Confirmatory assay, suggesting HIV-1 infection. The patient's HIV viral load was undetectable prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy, and remained undetectable on subsequent testing after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Both Centaur® and Geenius™ tests were repeated and returned reactive. As this patient was believed to be at low risk of acquiring HIV infection, samples were additionally run on Genscreen™ HIV-1 Ag assay and Fujirebio Inno-LIA™ HIV-1/2 score, with both returning non-reactive. For confirmation, the patient's proviral HIV DNA testing was negative, confirming the initial results as being falsely positive. The patient disclosed that he had been using a variety of anabolic steroids before and during the time of HIV testing. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The erroneous diagnosis of HIV can result in decreased quality of life and adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy if initiated, hence the importance of interpreting the results of HIV testing in the context of an individual patient. This reports suggests a potential association between the use of anabolic steroids and falsely-reactive HIV testing.

中文翻译：

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在患者自行服用合成代谢类固醇的过程中，重复进行了错误的反应性ADVIAcentaur®和bio-rad Geenius™HIV测试。

背景技术当在最初的反应性抗原/抗体组合筛选之后，确认性HIV-1 / HIV-2分化测试返回阳性时，个体被认为是HIV阳性。据报道，患有各种伴随感染和自身免疫性疾病的患者进行了错误反应的HIV检查。假阳性的HIV鉴别确证试验较少见，但已在怀孕，肺栓塞和疟疾病例中观察到。病例介绍经过反应性ADVIACentaur®HIV Ag / Ab筛查和阳性的Bio-Rad Geenius™HIV 1/2确证试验后，一名健康的27岁男性被转诊，提示HIV-1感染。在开始抗逆转录病毒治疗之前无法检测到患者的HIV病毒载量，而在开始抗逆转录病毒治疗之后的后续检测中仍然无法检测到患者的HIV病毒载量。重复Centaur®和Geenius™测试，并恢复反应性。由于认为该患者感染HIV的风险较低，因此还对样品进行了Genscreen™HIV-1 Ag分析和Fujirebio Inno-LIA™HIV-1 / 2评分，且两者均无反应。为了证实这一点，该患者的前病毒HIV DNA检测结果为阴性，证实最初的结果为假阳性。该患者透露，在进行HIV检测之前和期间，他一直在使用多种合成代谢类固醇。讨论和结论如果对HIV进行错误的诊断，可能会导致生活质量下降和抗逆转录病毒疗法的不良影响，因此，在个别患者的情况下解释HIV检测结果的重要性。