The mature peripheral nervous system is a steady network structure yet shows remarkable regenerative properties. The interaction of peripheral nerves with myeloid cells has largely been investigated in the context of damage, following trauma or infection. Recently, specific macrophages dedicated to homeostatic peripheral nerves have come into focus. These macrophages are defined by tissue and nerve type, are seeded in part prenatally, and self-maintain via proliferation. Thus, they are markedly distinct from monocyte-derived macrophages invading after local disturbance of nerve integrity. The phenotypic and transcriptional adaptation of macrophages to the discrete nervous niche may exert axon guidance and nerve regeneration and thus contribute to the stability of the peripheral nervous network. Deciphering these conserved macrophage–nerve interactions offers new translational perspectives for chronic diseases of the peripheral nervous system, such as diabetic neuropathy and pain.

中文翻译：

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神经相关巨噬细胞的起源和分化

成熟的周围神经系统是一个稳定的网络结构，但显示出显着的再生特性。外周神经与骨髓细胞的相互作用主要是在损伤、创伤或感染后的背景下进行的。最近，专用于稳态周围神经的特定巨噬细胞已成为焦点。这些巨噬细胞由组织和神经类型定义，部分在出生前接种，并通过增殖自我维持。因此，它们明显不同于局部神经完整性紊乱后入侵的单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞。巨噬细胞对离散神经生态位的表型和转录适应可能会发挥轴突引导和神经再生作用，从而有助于外周神经网络的稳定性。