An energy-efficient 5G phased array incorporating a novel vertically polarized (V-pol) endfire planar folded slot antenna (PFSA) for user devices (UE) is presented. First, we analytically amend existing millimeter-wave (mmWave) hybrid beamforming architectures that have precluded the uniqueness of 5G antennas and UEs. The total power consumption of the derived switchable 5G UE antenna system is estimated to be reduced by approximately 70% in comparison with a recently reported fully digital mmWave 5G UE antenna system under identical conditions. This is attributed to the ability to deactivate certain RF chains based on the directive nature of antenna elements. The PFSA featuring a height profile of less than 1/ $9~\lambda _{ {0}}$ is derived from a planar folded slot structure. The designed and fabricated $1\times 4$ PFSA array features an impedance bandwidth of approximately 4 GHz with a center frequency of 37–39 GHz and the gain of 7.7 dBi with antenna efficiency of 94.12% at 39 GHz. An mmWave 5G beamforming module is demonstrated using the presented energy-efficient 5G beamforming architecture and V-pol endfire PFSA array. The fabricated module achieves a measured EIRP of 18.2 dBm and a scanning range of ±50° in azimuth at 28 GHz.

中文翻译：

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高能效 5G 相控阵包含用于毫米波移动终端的垂直极化端射平面折叠槽天线

提出了一种节能的 5G 相控阵，该阵列包含用于用户设备 (UE) 的新型垂直极化 (V-pol) 端射平面折叠缝隙天线 (PFSA)。首先，我们分析修改了现有的毫米波 (mmWave) 混合波束成形架构，这些架构排除了 5G 天线和 UE 的独特性。在相同条件下，与最近报道的全数字毫米波 5G UE 天线系统相比，衍生的可切换 5G UE 天线系统的总功耗估计降低了约 70%。这归因于能够根据天线元件的定向特性停用某些 RF 链。PFSA 的高度轮廓小于 1/ $9~\lambda _{ {0}}$ 源自平面折叠槽结构。设计和制造的 $1\乘以 4$ PFSA 阵列的阻抗带宽约为 4 GHz，中心频率为 37-39 GHz，增益为 7.7 dBi，天线效率在 39 GHz 时为 94.12%。毫米波 5G 波束成形模块使用所提出的节能 5G 波束成形架构和 V-pol 端射 PFSA 阵列进行演示。制造的模块在 28 GHz 下实现了 18.2 dBm 的实测 EIRP 和 ±50° 的方位角扫描范围。