Eukaryotic cell motility is crucial during development, wound healing, the immune response, and cancer metastasis. Some eukaryotic cells can swim, but cells more commonly adhere to and crawl along the extracellular matrix. We study the relationship between hydrodynamics and adhesion that describe whether a cell is swimming, crawling, or combining these motions. Our simple model of a cell, based on the three-sphere swimmer, is capable of both swimming and crawling. As cell-matrix adhesion strength increases, the influence of hydrodynamics on migration diminishes. Cells with significant adhesion can crawl with speeds much larger than their nonadherent, swimming counterparts. We predict that, while most eukaryotic cells are in the strong-adhesion limit, increasing environment viscosity or decreasing cell-matrix adhesion could lead to significant hydrodynamic effects even in crawling cells. Signatures of hydrodynamic effects include a dependence of cell speed on the presence of a nearby substrate or interactions between noncontacting cells. These signatures will be suppressed at large adhesion strengths, but even strongly adherent cells will generate relevant fluid flows that will advect nearby passive particles and swimmers.

中文翻译：

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水动力对爬行的真核细胞运动的影响。

真核细胞运动在发育，伤口愈合，免疫反应和癌症转移过程中至关重要。一些真核细胞可以游泳，但是细胞更常见地粘附并沿着细胞外基质爬行。我们研究了流体动力学与附着力之间的关系，这些关系描述了细胞是在游动，爬行还是组合这些运动。我们基于三球游泳者的简单单元格模型能够游泳和爬行。随着细胞基质粘附强度增加，流体动力学对迁移的影响减小。具有显着粘附力的细胞可以以比其非粘附的游泳对应物大得多的速度爬行。我们预测，尽管大多数真核细胞处于强粘附极限，即使在爬行的细胞中，增加环境粘度或降低细胞与基质的粘附也会导致明显的流体动力学效应。水动力效应的特征包括细胞速度对附近底物的存在或非接触细胞之间相互作用的依赖性。在较大的粘附强度下，这些特征将被抑制，但即使是强粘附细胞也将产生相关的流体流，该流体流将平移附近的被动粒子和游泳者。