Abstract Calcium is a major component of the human body and has many important functions in the environment. This review considers major developments in atomic spectrometry for the determination of calcium in environmental samples, focusing upon inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The use of calcium as an internal standard is also discussed. Major developments in instrumentation, methodology, calibration routines, and data processing are critically reviewed. Significant applications are discussed, including aerosol/atmospheric, animal, astronomical, biomonitoring, and plant samples. The focus of future work is projected to be on LIBS to achieve the goals of more rapid, stand-off (remote), and combined spectroscopic analysis with minimal sample preparation, as well as ICP-MS for high-resolution isotopic measurements and LA-ICP-MS for elemental imaging of solid samples.

中文翻译：

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钙测定的最新进展及其作为环境样品内标的应用：基础和应用

摘要 钙是人体的主要成分，在环境中具有许多重要的功能。本综述考虑了用于测定环境样品中钙的原子光谱法的主要进展，重点关注电感耦合等离子体 - 发射光谱法 (ICP-OES)、电感耦合等离子体 - 质谱法 (ICP-MS) 和激光诱导击穿光谱法(LIBS)。还讨论了使用钙作为内标。仪器、方法、校准程序和数据处理方面的主要发展受到严格审查。讨论了重要的应用，包括气溶胶/大气、动物、天文、生物监测和植物样本。预计未来工作的重点将放在 LIBS 上，以实现更快速、对峙（远程）、