Abstract Nanofiltration (NF) is an effective technology for micropollutants retention for production of high quality reclaimed water. However, limited information is available about the effects of temperature on the performance of NF on micropollutants rejections. In this paper, the behaviors and mechanisms of micropollutants rejections by two commercial NF membranes (VNF1 and VNF2) were studied under different temperatures. Based on the Donnan Steric Pore Model with Dielectric Exclusion (DSPM-DE) model, the mathematical functions were firstly established to describe the relationship between pore size (rp) and temperature (T) as well as the relationship of water permeability (A) with temperature (T). The DSPM-DE model incorporated with temperature functions were used to predict micropollutants rejections by NF membranes at given temperature values. The results showed that the increase of temperature could lead to the increase of NF membranes' pore sizes, water fluxes as well as the micropollutants’ diffusivities. The rejection rates of positively and neutrally charged micropollutants decreased with temperature increased, which was mainly due to the attenuation of steric hindrance effect. For the negatively charged micropollutants, temperature had negligible effect on them, which was possibly facilitated by the co-function of electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance effect. Our study also showed that the predicted rejection values of neutrally and positively charged micropollutants decreased with temperature increased, in agreement with those of the experimental data. Compared with the real experimental rejections, the average relative errors of predicted values were 6.20% and 9.03% for VNF1 and VNF2, respectively. But for benzotriazole, the average relative error was as higher as 20.44%, possibly due to its adsorption onto VNF membranes. This work provides valuable insights for NF engineering applications and designs at different temperatures.

中文翻译：

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温度对纳滤膜保留 PPCPs 的影响：实验和建模评估

摘要 纳滤（NF）是一种有效的微污染物截留技术，可用于生产优质再生水。然而，关于温度对 NF 对微污染物去除性能的影响的信息有限。在本文中，研究了两种商用 NF 膜（VNF1 和 VNF2）在不同温度下的微污染物截留行为和机制。基于Donnan Steric Pore Model with Dielectric Exclusion (DSPM-DE)模型，首先建立了数学函数来描述孔径(rp)与温度(T)的关系以及透水性(A)与温度(T)的关系。温度 (T)。结合温度函数的 DSPM-DE 模型用于预测在给定温度值下 NF 膜对微污染物的排斥。结果表明，温度升高会导致NF膜孔径、水通量和微污染物扩散率增加。带正电荷和中性电荷的微污染物的去除率随温度升高而降低，这主要是由于位阻效应减弱。对于带负电荷的微污染物，温度对它们的影响可以忽略不计，这可能是静电排斥和空间位阻效应共同作用的结果。我们的研究还表明，中性和带正电的微污染物的预测排斥值随温度升高而降低，与实验数据一致。与真实的实验拒绝相比，预测值的平均相对误差分别为 6.20% 和 9。VNF1 和 VNF2 分别为 03%。但对于苯并三唑，平均相对误差高达 20.44%，可能是由于其吸附在 VNF 膜上。这项工作为不同温度下的 NF 工程应用和设计提供了宝贵的见解。