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A Combined Theory‐Experiment Analysis of the Surface Species in Lithium‐Mediated NH3 Electrosynthesis
ChemElectroChem ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-31 , DOI: 10.1002/celc.201902124
Jay A. Schwalbe 1 , Michael J. Statt 1 , Cullen Chosy 1 , Aayush R. Singh 1 , Brian A. Rohr 1 , Adam C. Nielander 1 , Suzanne Z. Andersen 2 , Joshua M. McEnaney 1 , Jon G. Baker 1 , Thomas F. Jaramillo 1 , Jens K. Norskov 2 , Matteo Cargnello 1
Affiliation  

Electrochemical processes for ammonia synthesis could potentially replace the high temperature and pressure conditions of the Haber‐Bosch process, with voltage offering a pathway to distributed fertilizer production that leverages the rapidly decreasing cost of renewable electricity. However, nitrogen is an unreactive molecule and the hydrogen evolution reaction presents a major selectivity challenge. An electrode of electrodeposited lithium in tetrahydrofuran solvent overcomes both problems by providing a surface that easily reacts with nitrogen and by limiting the access of protons with a nonaqueous electrolyte. Under these conditions, we measure relatively high faradaic efficiencies (ca. 10 %) and rates (0.1 mA cm−2) toward NH3. We observe the development of a solid electrolyte interface layer as well as the accumulation of lithium and lithium‐containing species. Detailed DFT studies suggest lithium nitride and hydride to be catalytically active phases given their thermodynamic and kinetic stability relative to metallic lithium under reaction conditions and the fast diffusion of nitrogen in lithium.

中文翻译:

锂介导的NH 3电合成中表面物种的组合理论-实验分析

氨合成的电化学工艺有可能取代哈伯-博世(Haber-Bosch)工艺的高温和高压条件,并通过电压为分散化肥生产提供一条途径,从而利用可再生电力的快速下降成本。但是,氮是不活泼的分子,氢的释放反应是主要的选择性挑战。通过提供易于与氮反应的表面以及通过限制质子与非水电解质的接触,在四氢呋喃溶剂中电沉积的锂电极克服了两个问题。在这些条件下,我们测量出相对较高的法拉第效率(约10%)和对NH 3的比率(0.1 mA cm -2。我们观察到固体电解质界面层的发展以及锂和含锂物质的积累。详尽的DFT研究表明,鉴于氮化锂和氢化物在反应条件下相对于金属锂的热力学和动力学稳定性以及氮在锂中的快速扩散,它们是催化活性相。
更新日期:2020-01-31
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