Abstract In this study, mixed titanium oxide and tungsten trioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-WO3NPs) were prepared and characterized by different characterization techniques. The prepared materials TiO2-WO3NPs were used as modifiers in carbon paste electrode (TiO2-WO3NPs/MCPE) to study the electrochemical behaviour of dopamine (DA) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.4 by using cyclic voltammetric (CV) technique. The TiO2-WO3NPs/MCPE shows enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to bare CPE. As a result, the TiO2-WO3NPs/MCPE was used for further electrochemical studies. The effect of pH proposed that an equal number of electron and proton are involved in the electrochemical reaction of DA. The DA concentration determination was in the range 2 × 10−6 M to 18 × 10−6 M and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification were found to be 10.18 nM and 34.32 nM. From the scan rate study the oxidation of DA was found to be adsorption controlled and simultaneous detection of DA, PA and FA were well separated in CV and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. Moreover the stability and reproducibility of TiO2-WO3NPs/MCPE at DA was studied and furthermore successfully demonstrated for the detection of DA in blood serum and injection samples.

中文翻译：

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使用TiO2-WO3纳米颗粒修饰的碳糊电极同时电分析多巴胺、扑热息痛和叶酸

摘要 本研究制备了混合氧化钛和三氧化钨纳米粒子 (TiO2-WO3NPs)，并通过不同的表征技术对其进行了表征。将制备的材料TiO2-WO3NPs用作碳糊电极（TiO2-WO3NPs/MCPE）的改性剂，通过循环伏安（CV）技术研究多巴胺（DA）在pH 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS）中的电化学行为。与裸 CPE 相比，TiO2-WO3NPs/MCPE 显示出增强的电催化活性。因此，TiO2-WO3NPs/MCPE 用于进一步的电化学研究。pH 值的影响表明在 DA 的电化学反应中涉及相同数量的电子和质子。DA 浓度测定范围为 2 × 10-6 M 至 18 × 10-6 M，检测限 (LOD) 和定量限分别为 10.18 nM 和 34.32 nM。从扫描速率研究中发现 DA 的氧化受吸附控制，并且 DA、PA 和 FA 的同时检测在 CV 和差分脉冲伏安 (DPV) 技术中被很好地分离。此外，研究了 TiO2-WO3NPs/MCPE 在 DA 的稳定性和重现性，并进一步成功证明了检测血清和注射样品中的 DA。