The brain is composed of multiple memory systems that mediate distinct types of navigation. The hippocampus is important for encoding and retrieving allocentric spatial cognitive maps, while the dorsal striatum mediates procedural memories based on stimulus-response (S-R) associations. These memory systems are differentially affected by emotional arousal. In particular, rodent studies show that stress typically impairs hippocampal spatial memory while it spares or sometimes enhances striatal S-R memory. The influence of emotional arousal on these separate navigational memory systems has received less attention in human subjects. We investigated the effect of dynamic changes in anticipatory anxiety on hippocampal spatial and dorsal striatal S-R memory systems while participants attempted to solve a virtual eight-arm radial maze. In Experiment 1, participants completed a hippocampus-dependent spatial version of the eight-arm radial maze that required allocentric spatial memory to successfully navigate the environment. In Experiment 2, participants completed a dorsal striatal S-R version of the maze where no allocentric spatial cues were present, requiring the use of S-R navigation. Anticipatory anxiety was modulated via threat of receiving an unpleasant electrical shock to the wrist during memory retrieval. Results showed that threat of shock was associated with more errors and increased use of non-spatial navigational strategies in the hippocampal spatial task, but did not influence memory performance in the striatal S-R task. Findings indicate a dissociation regarding the influence of anticipatory anxiety on memory systems that has implications for understanding how fear and anxiety contribute to memory-related symptoms in human psychopathologies.

中文翻译：

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在虚拟环境中导航期间，威胁诱导的海马和纹状体记忆系统的调节。

大脑由多个记忆系统组成，这些记忆系统介导不同类型的导航。海马对编码和检索同心轴空间认知图很重要，而背侧纹状体则基于刺激-反应（SR）关联介导程序记忆。这些记忆系统受情感唤醒的影响不同。啮齿动物的研究尤其表明，压力通常会损害海马的空间记忆，而多余或有时会增强纹状体SR记忆。情绪唤醒对这些独立的导航记忆系统的影响在人类受试者中受到的关注较少。当参与者试图解决虚拟的八臂radial骨迷宫时，我们调查了预期焦虑的动态变化对海马空间和背侧纹状体SR记忆系统的影响。在实验1中，参与者完成了八臂放射状迷宫的海马依赖空间版本，该空间版本需要同心轴空间记忆才能成功地导航环境。在实验2中，参与者完成了迷宫背纹状体SR版本，其中没有等位线空间提示，需要使用SR导航。通过记忆检索过程中腕部受到不愉快的电击的威胁来调节预期的焦虑。结果表明，电击的威胁与更多的错误以及海马空间任务中非空间导航策略的使用增加有关，但并未影响纹状体SR任务的记忆表现。