The emergence of robust methods to expand the genetic code allows incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into the polypeptide chain of proteins, thus making it possible to introduce unnatural chemical functionalities in enzymes. In this Perspective, we show how this powerful methodology is used to create enzymes with improved and novel, even new-to-nature, catalytic activities. We provide an overview of the current state of the art, and discuss the potential benefits of developing and using enzymes with genetically encoded non-canonical amino acids compared with enzymes containing only canonical amino acids.

中文翻译：

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通过基因编码的非天然氨基酸扩大酶的范围

扩展遗传密码的可靠方法的出现允许将非规范氨基酸掺入蛋白质的多肽链，从而使在酶中引入非天然化学功能成为可能。在此“观点”中，我们将展示如何使用这种强大的方法来创建具有改良和新颖甚至是自然新的催化活性的酶。我们提供了当前技术水平的概述，并讨论了与仅包含规范氨基酸的酶相比，开发和使用具有遗传编码的非规范氨基酸的酶的潜在益处。