Increasing emphasis has been given to prevention as a feasible approach to reduce the cancer burden. However, for its clinical success, further advances are required to identify effective chemopreventive agents. This review affords a critical and up-to-date discussion of issues related to cancer prevention, including an in-depth knowledge on BRCA1 and p53 tumor suppressor proteins as key molecular players. Indeed, it compiles the most recent advances on the topic, highlighting the unique potential of BRCA1 and p53 germline mutations as molecular biomarkers for risk assessment and targets for chemoprevention. Relevant evidences are herein provided supporting the effectiveness of distinct pharmacological agents in cancer prevention, by targeting BRCA1 and p53. Moreover, the rationale for using germline mutant BRCA1- or p53-related cancer syndromes as model systems to investigate effective chemopreventive agents is also addressed. Altogether, this work provides an innovative conception about the dependence on p53 and BRCA1 co-inactivation in tumor formation and development, emphasizing the relationship between these two proteins as an encouraging direction for future personalized pharmacological interventions in cancer prevention.

中文翻译：

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BRCA1 / P53：化学预防癌症的两项优势。

作为减少癌症负担的可行方法，预防越来越受到重视。然而，为了其临床成功，需要进一步的发展来鉴定有效的化学预防剂。这篇综述对与癌症预防相关的问题进行了重要而最新的讨论，包括对作为关键分子角色的BRCA1和p53肿瘤抑制蛋白的深入了解。实际上，它汇集了该主题的最新进展，强调了BRCA1和p53种系突变作为风险评估和化学预防目标的分子生物标记物的独特潜力。本文提供了相关证据，通过靶向BRCA1和p53支持了不同药物在癌症预防中的有效性。此外，还探讨了使用种系突变体BRCA1或p53相关的癌症综合征作为模型系统研究有效化学预防剂的基本原理。总而言之，这项工作为肿瘤形成和发展中对p53和BRCA1共失活的依赖性提供了创新的观念，强调了这两种蛋白质之间的关系作为未来预防癌症的个性化药物干预的令人鼓舞的方向。