Besides apoptosis, necrosis can also occur in a highly regulated and genetically controlled manner, defined as regulated necrosis, which is characterized by a loss of cell membrane integrity and release of cytoplasmic content. Depending on the involvement of its signal pathway, regulated necrosis can be further classified as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and parthanatos. Numerous studies have demonstrated that regulated necrosis is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases covering almost all organs including the brain, heart, liver, kidney, intestine, blood vessel, eye and skin, particularly myocardial infarction and stroke. Most recently, growing evidence suggests that multiple types of regulated necrosis contribute to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells or photoreceptor cells, which are the main pathologic features for glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa, respectively. This review focuses on the involvement of necroptosis and ferroptosis in these blinding diseases.

中文翻译：

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调节性坏死参与致盲性疾病：集中于坏死病和肥大病。

除凋亡外，坏死还可以以高度调节和遗传控制的方式发生，定义为调节坏死，其特征在于细胞膜完整性的丧失和细胞质含量的释放。根据其信号途径的参与，调节性坏死可进一步分类为坏死病，肥大病，发烧病和单性结节病。大量研究表明，调节性坏死与许多疾病的发病机理有关，涉及几乎所有器官，包括脑，心脏，肝脏，肾脏，肠，血管，眼睛和皮肤，尤其是心肌梗塞和中风。最近，越来越多的证据表明，多种类型的调节性坏死会导致视网膜神经节细胞，视网膜色素上皮细胞或感光细胞的变性，它们分别是青光眼，年龄相关性黄斑变性或色素性视网膜炎的主要病理特征。这篇综述着重于这些盲目性疾病中坏死病和肥大病的发生。