Abstract Conventional jaggery making process utilizes the bagasse for boiling of sugar cane juice which releases pollutants into the atmosphere and high particulate matter from these emissions causes air pollution. In this article, solar powered jaggery industry with freeze pre-concentration is proposed with conventional and modified heating pans. The system performance, environmental impacts and economic feasibility were assessed by carrying out 4E (Energy-Exergy-Environment-Economic) analyses using the developed mathematical model. These systems were designed to produce 300 kg of jaggery per day when operated for 7.5 h in 3 batches with average solar direct normal irradation of 662 W/m2 and 343 °C. These systems are integrated with auxiliary heating for uninterrupted production in the absence of sunlight. These systems can mitigate nearly 2015.95 to 3062.15 tons of CO2 emission during its 25 years of lifespan under 300 clear days of operation each year. Jaggery produced by this technique is rich in its colour and completely safe for human consumption as no artificial clarificants are used. Amount invested in these systems can be recovered in a span of 12.03 to 13.45 years for jaggery selling price of USD.0.514/kg or INR.36/kg.

中文翻译：

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具有不同锅配置的集成太阳能粗糖生产厂的 4-E（能源-火用-环境-经济）分析

摘要 传统的粗糖制作工艺利用甘蔗渣煮甘蔗汁，将污染物排放到大气中，这些排放物中的高颗粒物会造成空气污染。在本文中，采用传统和改进的加热盘提出了具有冷冻预浓缩的太阳能粗糖工业。系统性能、环境影响和经济可行性通过使用开发的数学模型进行 4E（能源-火用-环境-经济）分析来评估。这些系统设计为每天生产 300 公斤粗糖，分 3 批运行 7.5 小时，平均太阳直接正常辐照量为 662 W/m2 和 343 °C。这些系统与辅助加热装置集成在一起，可在没有阳光的情况下进行不间断生产。这些系统可以在 2015 年左右缓解。每年运行 300 天，在其 25 年的使用寿命期间减少 95 至 3062.15 吨二氧化碳排放。通过这种技术生产的粗糖颜色丰富，由于不使用人工澄清剂，因此对人类食用是完全安全的。投资于这些系统的金额可以在 12.03 到 13.45 年的跨度内回收，粗糖售价为 USD.514/kg 或 INR.36/kg。