OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in both men and women in the United States. COPD is associated with lung cancer independently of cigarette smoking, but remains understudied in women. Utilizing data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS), this report investigates the association between COPD and development of lung cancer, with a focus on ethnicity and cancer subtype. MATERIALS AND METHODS The WHI-OS, part of the larger Women's Health Initiative (WHI), is comprised of postmenopausal women between ages 50 and 79 years old at enrollment. Self-administered questionnaires were utilized to gather baseline demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral information from participants. For this analysis, COPD status was determined at study entry (baseline) and on annual survey (incident). Information on the primary outcome of interest, diagnosis of lung cancer, was also collected annually. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Of the 92,789 women examined, 1,536 developed lung cancer. Overall, women with COPD were 1.64 times more likely to develop lung cancer than those without COPD, after adjusting for smoking status and intensity, ethnicity, education, body mass index, and income (HR = 1.64, 95 % CI: 1.43, 1.89). The relationship between COPD and lung cancer was not found to be significantly different between ethnic groups (p-value = 0.697). The associations between COPD and lung cancer was similar across subtypes (HR range 1.31-2.16), after adjusting for smoking status and intensity. COPD increases risk of lung cancer in women, thus they may benefit from more intensive surveillance compared to similar women without COPD.

中文翻译：

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妇女健康倡议观察研究中的 COPD 和肺癌发病率：简要报告。

目标 肺癌是美国男性和女性癌症死亡的主要原因。COPD 与肺癌的相关性与吸烟无关，但在女性中仍未得到充分研究。本报告利用妇女健康倡议观察研究 (WHI-OS) 的数据，调查了 COPD 与肺癌发展之间的关系，重点关注种族和癌症亚型。材料和方法 WHI-OS 是更大的妇女健康倡议 (WHI) 的一部分，由登记时年龄在 50 至 79 岁之间的绝经后妇女组成。使用自我管理的问卷从参与者那里收集基线人口统计、社会经济和行为信息。对于该分析，COPD 状态在研究开始（基线）和年度调查（事件）时确定。每年还收集有关主要结果（肺癌诊断）的信息。结果与结论 在接受检查的 92,789 名女性中，1,536 名患上了肺癌。总体而言，在调整吸烟状况和强度、种族、教育、体重指数和收入后，患有 COPD 的女性患肺癌的可能性是没有 COPD 的女性的 1.64 倍（HR = 1.64, 95 % CI: 1.43, 1.89） . COPD 与肺癌之间的关系在不同种族之间没有显着差异（p 值 = 0.697）。在调整吸烟状况和强度后，COPD 与肺癌之间的关联在不同亚型之间相似（HR 范围 1.31-2.16）。COPD 会增加女性患肺癌的风险，因此与没有 COPD 的类似女性相比，她们可能会受益于更密集的监测。