Recently, organ-on-a-chip models, which are microfluidic devices that mimic the cellular architecture and physiological environment of an organ, have been developed and extensively investigated. The chips can be tailored to accommodate the disease conditions pertaining to many organs; and in the case of this review, the lung. Lung-on-a-chip models result in a more accurate reflection compared to conventional in vitro models. Pharmaceutical drug testing methods traditionally use animal models in order to evaluate pharmacological and toxicological responses to a new agent. However, these responses do not directly reflect human physiological responses. In this review, current and future applications of the lung-on-a-chip in the respiratory system will be discussed. Furthermore, the limitations of current conventional in vitro models used for respiratory disease modeling and drug development will be addressed. Highlights of additional translational aspects of the lung-on-a-chip will be discussed in order to demonstrate the importance of this subject for medical research.

中文翻译：

---

肺上片：呼吸系统疾病模型和药理研究的未来。

最近，已经开发并广泛研究了芯片上器官模型，其是模仿器官的细胞结构和生理环境的微流体装置。可以对芯片进行定制，以适应与许多器官有关的疾病。在本次审查中为肺。与传统的体外模型相比，单芯片肺模型可产生更精确的反射。传统上，药物测试方法使用动物模型来评估对新药的药理和毒理反应。但是，这些反应并不直接反映人的生理反应。在这篇综述中，将讨论片上肺在呼吸系统中的当前和未来应用。此外，将解决当前用于呼吸系统疾病建模和药物开发的常规体外模型的局限性。将讨论片上肺部其他翻译方面的重点，以证明该主题对医学研究的重要性。